Remez Robert E, Rubin Philip E
Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027-6598.
Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511-6695.
Ecol Psychol. 2016;28(3):160-165. doi: 10.1080/10407413.2016.1195188. Epub 2016 Aug 2.
When a listener can also see a talker, audible and visible properties are ineluctably combined, perceptually. This perceptual disposition to audiovisual integration has received widely ranging explanations. At one extreme, accounts have likened perception to a blind listener and a deaf viewer combined within a single skin, resolving discrepancies in identification by each modality. At the other extreme, perception has been described as necessarily and automatically synesthetic. Useful descriptive and explanatory evidence was provided in a study of auditory-haptic presentation by Fowler and Dekle (1991), showing that neither familiarity nor congruence is required for perceptual integration to occur across modalities. Instead, the notion of conjoint lawful specification was proposed as a governing constraint. This principle treats sensory activity as proximal sampling of the properties of distal objects and events, and this essay notes that its corollaries offer a broadly applicable guide in contemporary investigations of perception.
当听众也能看到说话者时，听觉和视觉属性在感知上就不可避免地结合在一起。这种视听整合的感知倾向得到了广泛的解释。在一个极端情况下，有观点将感知比作一个盲听众和一个聋观众结合在一个人的身体里，通过每种模态来解决识别上的差异。在另一个极端，感知被描述为必然且自动的联觉。福勒和德克尔（1991年）对听觉 - 触觉呈现的一项研究提供了有用的描述性和解释性证据，表明跨模态的感知整合既不需要熟悉度也不需要一致性。相反，联合合法规范的概念被提出作为一个主导约束。这个原则将感觉活动视为对远端物体和事件属性的近端采样，本文指出其推论在当代感知研究中提供了一个广泛适用的指导。
