Gotink Rinske A, Hermans Karlijn S F M, Geschwind Nicole, De Nooij Reinier, De Groot Wouter T, Speckens Anne E M
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Department of Clinical Psychology Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Mindfulness (N Y). 2016;7(5):1114-1122. doi: 10.1007/s12671-016-0550-8. Epub 2016 Jun 2.
The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of mindful walking in nature as a possible means to maintain mindfulness skills after a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) or mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course. Mindful walking alongside the river Rhine took place for 1, 3, 6, or 10 days, with a control period of a similar number of days, 1 week before the mindful walking period. In 29 mindfulness participants, experience sampling method (ESM) was performed during the control and mindful walking period. Smartphones offered items on positive and negative affect and state mindfulness at random times during the day. Furthermore, self-report questionnaires were administered before and after the control and mindful walking period, assessing depression, anxiety, stress, brooding, and mindfulness skills. ESM data showed that walking resulted in a significant improvement of both mindfulness and positive affect, and that state mindfulness and positive affect prospectively enhanced each other in an upward spiral. The opposite pattern was observed with state mindfulness and negative affect, where increased state mindfulness predicted less negative affect. Exploratory questionnaire data indicated corresponding results, though non-significant due to the small sample size. This is the first time that ESM was used to assess interactions between state mindfulness and momentary affect during a mindfulness intervention of several consecutive days, showing an upward spiral effect. Mindful walking in nature may be an effective way to maintain mindfulness practice and further improve psychological functioning.
本研究的目的是探讨在自然中进行正念行走作为一种可能的方式，在接受基于正念的认知疗法（MBCT）或基于正念的减压疗法（MBSR）课程后保持正念技能的可行性和有效性。沿着莱茵河进行的正念行走持续了1、3、6或10天，在正念行走期前1周有一个天数相似的对照期。在29名参与正念训练的参与者中，在对照期和正念行走期采用了经验取样法（ESM）。智能手机在白天随机提供关于积极和消极情绪以及状态正念的项目。此外，在对照期和正念行走期前后发放了自我报告问卷，评估抑郁、焦虑、压力、沉思和正念技能。ESM数据显示，行走导致正念和积极情绪都有显著改善，并且状态正念和积极情绪以前瞻性的方式在一个上升螺旋中相互增强。在状态正念和消极情绪方面观察到相反的模式，即状态正念增加预示着消极情绪减少。探索性问卷数据表明了相应的结果，尽管由于样本量小而不显著。这是首次在连续几天的正念干预期间使用ESM来评估状态正念和瞬间情绪之间的相互作用，显示出一种上升螺旋效应。在自然中进行正念行走可能是保持正念练习并进一步改善心理功能的有效方法。
