Karl Johannes A, Fischer Ronald
Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Mindfulness (N Y). 2022;13(11):2729-2737. doi: 10.1007/s12671-022-01989-2. Epub 2022 Oct 10.
Are affective states influencing state mindfulness and can this explain the link between personality and mindfulness? Mindfulness is commonly thought to decrease negative affect, but a number of studies have reported reductions in mindfulness in negative affect situations. This highlights a potential mechanism explaining previously observed negative relationships between individual differences such as Neuroticism and mindfulness, via their shared relationship with negative affect.
In an experiment, 331 participants were exposed to a negative affect stimulus to investigate whether previously established relationships between Neuroticism, Behavioral Inhibition, and Mindfulness are due to differences in negative affect reactivity. It was expected that participants high on Neuroticism and Behavioral Inhibition to show greater negative affect reactivity which in turn would reduce their state Non-Judgmental Acceptance and Acting with Awareness.
While change in negative affect was related to lower Non-Judgmental Acceptance and Acting with Awareness, negative affect reactivity did not mediate the relationship between Neuroticism/BIS and these state mindfulness facets. Importantly, only Non-Judgmental Acceptance and Acting with Awareness facets of mindfulness were affected by negative affect change, but not Attention. This indicates that greater negative affect might require allocation of cognitive resources to stress-related processes such as threat monitoring, reducing mindful emotion processing but not attention.
The current study found that situational mindfulness might be influenced by state affect highlighting the need to more strongly consider the environmental factors which can shape affect in mindfulness interventions.
Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/kmyh2).
情感状态是否会影响当下的正念，以及这能否解释人格与正念之间的联系？人们通常认为正念会减少消极情绪，但一些研究报告称在消极情绪情境中正念会降低。这凸显了一种潜在机制，即通过神经质等个体差异与消极情绪的共同关系，来解释先前观察到的它们与正念之间的负相关关系。
在一项实验中，331名参与者暴露于消极情绪刺激下，以研究先前确立的神经质、行为抑制和正念之间的关系是否归因于消极情绪反应性的差异。预计神经质和行为抑制得分高的参与者会表现出更大的消极情绪反应性，进而会降低他们当下的非评判性接纳和有意识行动。
虽然消极情绪的变化与较低的非评判性接纳和有意识行动有关，但消极情绪反应性并未介导神经质/行为抑制系统与这些当下正念维度之间的关系。重要的是，只有正念的非评判性接纳和有意识行动维度受到消极情绪变化的影响，而注意力维度未受影响。这表明更大的消极情绪可能需要将认知资源分配到与压力相关的过程，如威胁监测，从而减少正念情绪处理，但不影响注意力。
当前研究发现情境正念可能受当下情绪影响，这凸显了在正念干预中更需充分考虑能够塑造情绪的环境因素的必要性。
开放科学框架（https://osf.io/kmyh2）。
