Hillis A E
Medical Rehabilitation Center of Maryland, Baltimore 21234.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989 Aug;70(8):632-6.
Two severely aphasic patients who made frequent semantic errors in verbal picture naming, as well as frequent errors in written naming, were studied. Contrasting patterns of errors across various language tasks provide evidence that the two patients' naming errors arose from different underlying deficits. The effectiveness of cueing hierarchies on improving each patient's written naming was demonstrated in single-subject experiments using a multiple baseline design. Although both patients exhibited acquisition and maintenance of written naming, only one showed generalization to verbal naming and to untrained stimuli. Different results are interpreted as a reflection of separate sources of the subjects' naming errors. It is concluded that determining the cognitive basis of an individual's naming difficulty may permit predictions concerning language behaviors that are likely to improve concurrently as a function of treatment. Also, reporting specific deficits of patients should allow other clinicians to select appropriate candidates for therapy procedures found to be effective in within-subject treatment experiments.
对两名严重失语患者进行了研究，他们在图片命名时频繁出现语义错误，在书写命名时也经常出错。在各种语言任务中出现的不同错误模式表明，这两名患者的命名错误源于不同的潜在缺陷。在使用多基线设计的单受试者实验中，证明了提示层次结构对改善每位患者书写命名的有效性。虽然两名患者都表现出书写命名的习得和保持，但只有一名患者能够将其推广到言语命名和未训练的刺激上。不同的结果被解释为反映了受试者命名错误的不同来源。研究得出结论，确定个体命名困难的认知基础可能有助于预测哪些语言行为可能会随着治疗而同时改善。此外，报告患者的具体缺陷应该能让其他临床医生为在受试者内治疗实验中被证明有效的治疗程序选择合适的候选者。
