Sinigaglia Olga E, Ríos Elaine M, Campos Maribel, Díaz Beatriz, Palacios Cristina
Nutrition Program, Department of Human Development, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067 USA.
Undergraduate Department, School of Nursing, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067 USA.
Springerplus. 2016 Aug 30;5(1):1437. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3154-9. eCollection 2016.
Breastfeeding is associated with lower rates of obesity; in addition, it is also associated with later introduction of beverages and foods; however, this has not been well studied among Hispanics. The objective was to assess breastfeeding practices and timing of introduction of beverages and solid foods in a sample of Hispanic infants and their association with weight status.
Cross-sectional study in 296 caregivers of infants and toddlers 0-24 months of age participants of a WIC clinic in Puerto Rico. Participants completed several questionnaires and anthropometrics were taken in infants and toddlers. Statistical analysis included correlations, comparison between groups and logistic regression.
A total of 189 participants older than 6 months completed the study. Most infants were breastfed immediately after birth (63.5 %), at the hospital (80.0 %), and at least once (92.3 %) but only 31 % were exclusively breastfed. Median duration of any breastfeeding was 5.0 months and exclusive breastfeeding was 0 months. Excessive weight was found in 22.8 %. Breastfeeding duration was positively associated with caregiver's educational level and age of introduction of water, formula, juice and cow's milk (p < 0.05). Exclusively breastfed infants were introduced water and formula at a later age compared to non-exclusively breastfed and never breastfed infants (p < 0.01). No significant associations were found between breastfeeding practices and duration or age of introduction of beverages and foods with weight status, even after adjusting for potential confounders.
Breastfeeding duration was in general low. Water, formula and juice were introduced later in breastfed infants compared to non-exclusively breastfed or never breastfed infants. Breastfeeding practices or timing of introduction of beverages and solid foods were not significantly associated with weight status. Strategies to support mothers on continuing breastfeeding beyond the hospital and for longer periods are needed among WIC participants to benefit of the protective effect on childhood obesity.
母乳喂养与较低的肥胖率相关；此外，它还与较晚引入饮料和食物有关；然而，在西班牙裔人群中对此尚未进行充分研究。目的是评估西班牙裔婴儿样本中的母乳喂养情况、饮料和固体食物的引入时间及其与体重状况的关联。
对波多黎各一家妇女、婴儿和儿童营养补充计划（WIC）诊所中296名0至24个月婴幼儿的照料者进行横断面研究。参与者完成了几份问卷，并对婴幼儿进行了人体测量。统计分析包括相关性分析、组间比较和逻辑回归。
共有189名6个月以上的参与者完成了研究。大多数婴儿在出生后立即进行母乳喂养（63.5%）、在医院进行母乳喂养（80.0%）且至少进行过一次母乳喂养（92.3%），但只有31%为纯母乳喂养。任何形式母乳喂养的中位持续时间为5.0个月，纯母乳喂养的中位持续时间为0个月。超重的比例为22.8%。母乳喂养持续时间与照料者的教育水平以及水、配方奶、果汁和牛奶的引入年龄呈正相关（p<0.05）。与非纯母乳喂养和从未母乳喂养的婴儿相比，纯母乳喂养的婴儿引入水和配方奶的时间较晚（p<0.01）。即使在调整了潜在混杂因素之后，母乳喂养情况、饮料和食物的引入持续时间或引入年龄与体重状况之间也未发现显著关联。
总体而言，母乳喂养持续时间较短。与非纯母乳喂养或从未母乳喂养的婴儿相比，母乳喂养的婴儿引入水、配方奶和果汁的时间较晚。母乳喂养情况或饮料和固体食物的引入时间与体重状况无显著关联。在WIC参与者中，需要采取策略支持母亲在出院后继续母乳喂养更长时间，以获得对儿童肥胖的保护作用。
