Nan Yuchen, Zhang Yan-Jin
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China; Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, College ParkMD, USA.
Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park MD, USA.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Sep 7;7:1419. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01419. eCollection 2016.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a viral pathogen transmitted primarily via fecal-oral route. In humans, HEV mainly causes acute hepatitis and is responsible for large outbreaks of hepatitis across the world. The case fatality rate of HEV-induced hepatitis ranges from 0.5 to 3% in young adults and up to 30% in infected pregnant women. HEV strains infecting humans are classified into four genotypes. HEV strains from genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic, whereas those from genotypes 1 and 2 have no known animal reservoirs. Recently, notable progress has been accomplished for better understanding of HEV biology and infection, such as chronic HEV infection, in vitro cell culture system, quasi-enveloped HEV virions, functions of the HEV proteins, mechanism of HEV antagonizing host innate immunity, HEV pathogenesis and vaccine development. However, further investigation on the cross-species HEV infection, host tropism, vaccine efficacy, and HEV-specific antiviral strategy is still needed. This review mainly focuses on molecular biology and infection of HEV and offers perspective new insight of this enigmatic virus.
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是一种主要通过粪-口途径传播的病毒病原体。在人类中，HEV主要引起急性肝炎，并在全球范围内导致大规模肝炎暴发。HEV诱发的肝炎在年轻成年人中的病死率为0.5%至3%，在受感染的孕妇中高达30%。感染人类的HEV毒株分为四种基因型。基因型3和4的HEV毒株是人畜共患病原体，而基因型1和2的毒株尚无已知的动物宿主。最近，在更好地理解HEV生物学和感染方面取得了显著进展，例如慢性HEV感染、体外细胞培养系统、准包膜HEV病毒粒子、HEV蛋白的功能、HEV拮抗宿主固有免疫的机制、HEV发病机制和疫苗开发。然而，仍需要对跨物种HEV感染、宿主嗜性、疫苗效力和HEV特异性抗病毒策略进行进一步研究。本综述主要关注HEV的分子生物学和感染，并为这种神秘病毒提供新的见解。
