Shokouhi Mohammadreza, Nasiriani Khadijeh, Cheraghi Zahra, Ardalan Ali, Khankeh Hamidreza, Fallahzadeh Hosein, Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud
Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email:
J Inj Violence Res. 2019 Jan;11(1):1-14. doi: 10.5249/jivr.v11i1.1057. Epub 2018 Nov 11.
Every year, a large number of people lose their lives or become injured seriously as a result of fires. Fires in buildings pose a great threat to resident safety. The aim of this systematic review is to identify preventive measures for fire-related injuries in residential buildings, taking into account associated risk factors.
In this study, a systematic review was performed of all studies conducted in the field of residential building fires, influencing factors and available safety procedures. From the earliest record up to 7 July 2017, databases of PubMed, Web of Science/Knowledge, and Scopus were searched and selected articles included in the study.
A total of 5,613 published articles were examined, of which 30 were finally found to meet the inclusion criteria. The findings of the study were included in two main groups of preventive measures and risk factors for residential building fires and related injuries. Regarding preventive measures, the factors to reduce the risk of fire-related injuries raised in the studies under review included rule amendments, changes and modification of the environment, behavior change such as emergency evacuation during fire occurrence, improvements to emergency medical services, and awareness-raising. Also, many of the studies showed that areas with a large number of young children, older people, people with physical and mental disabilities, alcohol and drug addicts, smokers, single-family households and low-income families were particularly at risk of fire-related injuries and deaths.
There are features in residential buildings and attributes among residents that can be related to fire hazard and fire-related injuries and deaths. The most important point of this study is to focus on preventive strategies including environmental modification, promotion of safety rules and changes in risk behavior among residents. Policy makers should pay more attention to these important issues in order to promote safety and injury prevention in relation to building fires.
每年都有大量人员因火灾丧生或受重伤。建筑物火灾对居民安全构成巨大威胁。本系统评价的目的是确定住宅建筑中与火灾相关伤害的预防措施，并考虑相关风险因素。
在本研究中，对住宅建筑火灾领域进行的所有研究、影响因素和可用安全程序进行了系统评价。从最早的记录到2017年7月7日，检索了PubMed、Web of Science/知识和Scopus数据库，并选择纳入研究的文章。
共审查了5613篇已发表文章，最终发现其中30篇符合纳入标准。该研究结果分为住宅建筑火灾及相关伤害的预防措施和风险因素两大主要类别。关于预防措施，在审查的研究中提出的降低与火灾相关伤害风险的因素包括规则修订、环境改变和改造、行为改变（如火灾发生时的紧急疏散）、紧急医疗服务改善以及提高认识。此外，许多研究表明，有大量幼儿、老年人、身心残疾者、酗酒和吸毒者、吸烟者、单户家庭和低收入家庭的地区尤其面临与火灾相关伤害和死亡的风险。
住宅建筑存在一些特征以及居民的一些属性，这些可能与火灾隐患以及与火灾相关的伤害和死亡有关。本研究最重要的一点是关注预防策略，包括环境改造、推广安全规则以及改变居民的风险行为。政策制定者应更加关注这些重要问题，以促进与建筑火灾相关的安全和伤害预防。
