de Seymour Jamie, Chia Airu, Colega Marjorelee, Jones Beatrix, McKenzie Elizabeth, Shirong Cai, Godfrey Keith, Kwek Kenneth, Saw Seang-Mei, Conlon Cathryn, Chong Yap-Seng, Baker Philip, Chong Mary F F
Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
Nutrients. 2016 Sep 20;8(9):574. doi: 10.3390/nu8090574.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and long term health issues for both the mother and offspring. Previous research has demonstrated associations between maternal diet and GDM development, but evidence in Asian populations is limited. The objective of our study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of GDM in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. Maternal diet was ascertained using 24-h dietary recalls from participants in the Growing up in Singapore towards healthy outcomes (GUSTO) study-a prospective mother-offspring cohort, and GDM was diagnosed according to 1999 World Health Organisation guidelines. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis, and multivariate regression analyses performed to assess the association with GDM. Of 909 participants, 17.6% were diagnosed with GDM. Three dietary patterns were identified: a vegetable-fruit-rice-based-diet, a seafood-noodle-based-diet and a pasta-cheese-processed-meat-diet. After adjusting for confounding variables, the seafood-noodle-based-diet was associated with a lower likelihood of GDM (Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)) = 0.74 (0.59, 0.93). The dietary pattern found to be associated with GDM in our study was substantially different to those reported previously in Western populations.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）与围产期发病风险增加以及母亲和后代的长期健康问题相关。先前的研究已经证明母亲饮食与GDM发生之间存在关联，但亚洲人群中的证据有限。我们研究的目的是在一个多民族亚洲队列中，研究孕期母亲饮食模式与GDM风险之间的横断面关系。通过对参与新加坡成长为健康结局（GUSTO）研究（一项前瞻性母婴队列研究）的参与者进行24小时饮食回顾来确定母亲的饮食情况，并根据1999年世界卫生组织指南诊断GDM。使用因子分析确定饮食模式，并进行多变量回归分析以评估与GDM的关联。在909名参与者中，17.6%被诊断为GDM。确定了三种饮食模式：以蔬菜-水果-米饭为主的饮食、以海鲜-面条为主的饮食和以意大利面-奶酪-加工肉类为主的饮食。在调整混杂变量后，以海鲜-面条为主的饮食与较低的GDM可能性相关（优势比（95%置信区间））=0.74（0.59，0.93）。我们研究中发现与GDM相关的饮食模式与先前西方人群中报道的饮食模式有很大不同。
