Culligan Eamonn P, Sleator Roy D
Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
J Clin Med. 2016 Sep 21;5(9):83. doi: 10.3390/jcm5090083.
Clostridium difficile is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing over 400,000 infections and approximately 29,000 deaths in the United States alone each year. C. difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in the developed world, and, in recent years, the emergence of hyper-virulent (mainly ribotypes 027 and 078, sometimes characterised by increased toxin production), epidemic strains and an increase in the number of community-acquired infections has caused further concern. Antibiotic therapy with metronidazole, vancomycin or fidaxomicin is the primary treatment for C. difficile infection (CDI). However, CDI is unique, in that, antibiotic use is also a major risk factor for acquiring CDI or recurrent CDI due to disruption of the normal gut microbiota. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative, non-antibiotic therapeutics to treat or prevent CDI. Here, we review a number of such potential treatments which have emerged from advances in the field of microbiome research.
艰难梭菌是全球发病和死亡的主要原因，仅在美国每年就导致超过40万例感染和约29000人死亡。艰难梭菌是发达国家医院获得性腹泻最常见的病因，近年来，高毒力（主要是核糖型027和078，有时表现为毒素产生增加）、流行菌株的出现以及社区获得性感染数量的增加引起了进一步关注。甲硝唑、万古霉素或非达霉素的抗生素治疗是艰难梭菌感染（CDI）的主要治疗方法。然而，CDI具有独特性，因为抗生素的使用也是由于正常肠道微生物群的破坏而获得CDI或复发性CDI的主要危险因素。因此，迫切需要替代的非抗生素疗法来治疗或预防CDI。在此，我们综述了微生物组研究领域进展中出现的一些此类潜在治疗方法。
