Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia.
Sci Rep. 2021 May 25;11(1):10849. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90380-7.
The role of gut microbiota in the establishment and development of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been widely discussed. Studies showed the impact of CDI on bacterial communities and the importance of some genera and species in recovering from and preventing infection. However, most studies have overlooked important components of the intestinal ecosystem, such as eukaryotes and archaea. We investigated the bacterial, archaea, and eukaryotic intestinal microbiota of patients with health-care-facility- or community-onset (HCFO and CO, respectively) diarrhea who were positive or negative for CDI. The CDI-positive groups (CO/+, HCFO/+) showed an increase in microorganisms belonging to Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Opalinata compared with the CDI-negative groups (CO/-, HCFO/-). Patients with intrahospital-acquired diarrhea (HCFO/+, HCFO/-) showed a marked decrease in bacteria beneficial to the intestine, and there was evidence of increased Archaea and Candida and Malassezia species compared with the CO groups (CO/+, CO/-). Characteristic microbiota biomarkers were established for each group. Finally, correlations between bacteria and eukaryotes indicated interactions among the different kingdoms making up the intestinal ecosystem. We showed the impact of CDI on microbiota and how it varies with where the infection is acquired, being intrahospital-acquired diarrhea one of the most influential factors in the modulation of bacterial, archaea, and eukaryotic populations. We also highlight interactions between the different kingdoms of the intestinal ecosystem, which need to be evaluated to improve our understanding of CDI pathophysiology.
肠道微生物群在艰难梭菌感染（CDI）的建立和发展中的作用已被广泛讨论。研究表明 CDI 对细菌群落的影响，以及某些属和种在从感染中恢复和预防感染方面的重要性。然而，大多数研究都忽略了肠道生态系统的重要组成部分，如真核生物和古菌。我们调查了健康护理机构或社区发病（HCFO 和 CO，分别）腹泻患者的肠道细菌、古菌和真核微生物群，这些患者的 CDI 检测结果为阳性或阴性。CDI 阳性组（CO/ +，HCFO/ +）与 CDI 阴性组（CO/ -，HCFO/ -）相比，属于拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门、子囊菌门和 Opalinata 的微生物数量增加。患有院内获得性腹泻（HCFO/ +，HCFO/ -）的患者肠道有益细菌明显减少，与 CO 组相比，古菌和念珠菌和马拉色菌属的数量增加。为每个组建立了特征性的微生物群生物标志物。最后，细菌和真核生物之间的相关性表明，构成肠道生态系统的不同王国之间存在相互作用。我们展示了 CDI 对微生物群的影响，以及它如何随感染的获得而变化，其中院内获得性腹泻是调节细菌、古菌和真核生物群的最具影响力的因素之一。我们还强调了肠道生态系统不同王国之间的相互作用，需要对其进行评估，以增进我们对 CDI 病理生理学的理解。
