Petrakis Eleftherios A, Cagliani Laura R, Tarantilis Petros A, Polissiou Moschos G, Consonni Roberto
Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece.
Institute for Macromolecular Studies, NMR Laboratory, National Research Council, v. A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Food Chem. 2017 Feb 15;217:418-424. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.078. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
Saffron, the dried red stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is considered as one of the most expensive spices worldwide, and as such, it is prone to adulteration. This study introduces an NMR-based approach to identify and determine the adulteration of saffron with Sudan I-IV dyes. A complete (1)H and (13)C resonance assignment for Sudan I-IV, achieved by two-dimensional homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR experiments, is reported for the first time. Specific different proton signals for the identification of each Sudan dye in adulterated saffron can be utilised for quantitative (1)H NMR (qHNMR), a well-established method for quantitative analysis. The quantification of Sudan III, as a paradigm, was performed in varying levels (0.14-7.1g/kg) by considering the NMR signal occurring at 8.064ppm. The high linearity, accuracy and rapidity of investigation enable high resolution (1)H NMR spectroscopy to be used for evaluation of saffron adulteration with Sudan dyes.
藏红花，即番红花（Crocus sativus L.）干燥的红色柱头，被认为是全球最昂贵的香料之一，因此容易被掺假。本研究引入了一种基于核磁共振（NMR）的方法来鉴定和测定藏红花中苏丹红I - IV染料的掺假情况。首次通过二维同核和异核NMR实验完成了苏丹红I - IV完整的氢（¹H）和碳（¹³C）共振归属。掺假藏红花中用于鉴定每种苏丹染料的特定不同质子信号可用于定量¹H NMR（qHNMR），这是一种成熟的定量分析方法。作为范例，通过考虑在8.064ppm处出现的NMR信号，对不同水平（0.14 - 7.1g/kg）的苏丹红III进行了定量。该研究的高线性、准确性和快速性使得高分辨率¹H NMR光谱法可用于评估藏红花中苏丹染料的掺假情况。
