Astorino Todd A, Edmunds Ross M, Clark Amy, King Leesa, Gallant Rachael A, Namm Samantha, Fischer Anthony, Wood Kimi M
1Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, San Marcos, CA; 2Department of Physical Therapy, SUNY, Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; and 3National College of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Feb;49(2):265-273. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001099.
Increases in maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) frequently occur with high-intensity interval training (HIIT), yet the specific adaptation explaining this result remains elusive.
This study examined changes in V˙O2max and cardiac output (CO) in response to periodized HIIT.
Thirty-nine active men and women (mean age and V˙O2max = 22.9 ± 5.4 yr and 39.6 ± 5.6 mL·kg·min) performed HIIT and 32 men and women (age and V˙O2max = 25.7 ± 4.5 yr and 40.7 ± 5.2 mL·kg·min) were nonexercising controls (CON). The first 10 sessions of HIIT required eight to ten 60 s bouts of cycling at 90%-110% percent peak power output interspersed with 75 s recovery, followed by randomization to one of three regimes (sprint interval training (SIT), high-volume interval training (HIITHI), or periodized interval training (PER) for the subsequent 10 sessions. Before, midway, and at the end of training, progressive cycling to exhaustion was completed during which V˙O2max and maximal CO were estimated.
Compared with CON, significant (P < 0.001) increases in V˙O2max in HIIT + SIT (39.8 ± 7.3 mL·kg·min to 43.6 ± 6.1 mL·kg·min), HIIT + HIITHI (41.1 ± 4.9 mL·kg·min to 44.6 ± 7.0 mL·kg·min), and HIIT + PER (39.5 ± 5.6 mL·kg·min to 44.1 ± 5.4 mL·kg·min) occurred which were mediated by significant increases in maximal CO (20.0 ± 3.1 L·min to 21.7 ± 3.2 L·min, P = 0.04). Maximal stroke volume was increased with HIIT (P = 0.04), although there was no change in maximal HR (P = 0.88) or arteriovenous O2 difference (P = 0.36). These CO data are accurate and represent the mean changes from pre- to post-HIIT across all three training groups.
Increases in V˙O2max exhibited in response to different HIIT regimes are due to improvements in oxygen delivery.
高强度间歇训练（HIIT）常常会使最大摄氧量（V˙O2max）增加，然而解释这一结果的具体适应性变化仍不明确。
本研究检测了周期性HIIT对V˙O2max和心输出量（CO）的影响。
39名活跃的男性和女性（平均年龄和V˙O2max分别为22.9±5.4岁和39.6±5.6 mL·kg·min）进行HIIT，32名男性和女性（年龄和V˙O2max分别为25.7±4.5岁和40.7±5.2 mL·kg·min）为不运动的对照组（CON）。HIIT的前10节训练要求进行8至10次60秒的骑行，功率输出为峰值功率的90%-110%，其间穿插75秒的恢复时间，随后随机分为三种训练方案之一（冲刺间歇训练（SIT）、高容量间歇训练（HIITHI）或周期性间歇训练（PER））进行后续10节训练。在训练前、训练中期和训练结束时，进行递增负荷骑行至力竭，期间估算V˙O2max和最大CO。
与CON组相比，HIIT+SIT组（从39.8±7.3 mL·kg·min增至43.6±6.1 mL·kg·min）、HIIT+HIITHI组（从41.1±4.9 mL·kg·min增至44.6±7.0 mL·kg·min）和HIIT+PER组（从39.5±5.6 mL·kg·min增至44.1±5.4 mL·kg·min）的V˙O2max显著增加（P<0.001），这是由最大CO的显著增加介导的（从20.0±3.1 L·min增至21.7±3.2 L·min，P=0.04）。HIIT使最大每搏输出量增加（P=0.04），尽管最大心率（P=0.88）或动静脉氧分压差（P=0.36）没有变化。这些CO数据准确，代表了所有三个训练组HIIT前后的平均变化。
不同HIIT方案引起的V˙O2max增加是由于氧输送的改善。
