Lee Kyungjin, Ferguson Lynnette R
Kyungjin Lee, Medical Programme and Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Sep 7;22(33):7389-401. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i33.7389.
Colorectal cancer is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Current strategies employed to increase detection of early, curable stages of this disease are contributing to a reduction of the negative health impact from it. While there is a genetic component to the risk of disease, diet and environment are known to have major effects on the risk of an individual for developing the disease. However, there is the potential to reduce the impact of this disease further by preventing disease development. Biomarkers which can either predict the risk for or early stages of colorectal cancer could allow intervention at a time when prospects could be modified by environmental factors, including lifestyle and diet choices. Thus, such biomarkers could be used to identify high risk individuals who would benefit from lifestyle and dietary interventions to prevent this disease. This review will give an overview on one type of biomarker in the form of microRNAs, which have the potential to predict an individual's risk for colorectal cancer, as well as providing a highly sensitive and non-invasive warning of disease presence and/or progression. MicroRNA biomarkers which have been studied and whose levels look promising for this purpose include MiR-18a, MiR-21, MiR-92a, MiR-135b, MiR-760, MiR-601. Not only have several individual microRNAs appeared promising as biomarkers, but panels of these may be even more useful. Furthermore, understanding dietary sources and ways of dietary modulation of these microRNAs might be fruitful in reducing the incidence and slowing the progression of colorectal cancer.
结直肠癌是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。目前用于增加该疾病早期可治愈阶段检测的策略有助于减少其对健康的负面影响。虽然疾病风险存在遗传因素，但已知饮食和环境对个体患该疾病的风险有重大影响。然而，通过预防疾病发展有可能进一步降低这种疾病的影响。能够预测结直肠癌风险或早期阶段的生物标志物可以在环境因素（包括生活方式和饮食选择）能够改变前景时进行干预。因此，此类生物标志物可用于识别那些将从预防该疾病的生活方式和饮食干预中受益的高风险个体。本综述将概述一种以微小RNA形式存在的生物标志物，其有可能预测个体患结直肠癌的风险，并能对疾病的存在和/或进展提供高度敏感且非侵入性的警示。已被研究且其水平在此方面看起来有前景的微小RNA生物标志物包括MiR-18a、MiR-21、MiR-92a、MiR-135b、MiR-760、MiR-601。不仅几种单个的微小RNA作为生物标志物显示出前景，而且这些微小RNA的组合可能更有用。此外，了解这些微小RNA的饮食来源和饮食调节方式可能有助于降低结直肠癌的发病率并减缓其进展。
