Lizarbe María Antonia, Calle-Espinosa Jorge, Fernández-Lizarbe Eva, Fernández-Lizarbe Sara, Robles Miguel Ángel, Olmo Nieves, Turnay Javier
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:7354260. doi: 10.1155/2017/7354260. Epub 2017 May 10.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer in developed countries and, despite the improvements achieved in its treatment options, remains as one of the main causes of cancer-related death. In this review, we first focus on colorectal carcinogenesis and on the genetic and epigenetic alterations involved. In addition, noncoding RNAs have been shown to be important regulators of gene expression. We present a general overview of what is known about these molecules and their role and dysregulation in cancer, with a special focus on the biogenesis, characteristics, and function of microRNAs. These molecules are important regulators of carcinogenesis, progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases in cancer, including colorectal cancer. For this reason, miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments, or even as therapeutic agents, or as targets by themselves. Thus, this review highlights the importance of miRNAs in the development, progression, diagnosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer and summarizes current therapeutic approaches for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
在发达国家，结直肠癌是第三大常见癌症形式，尽管其治疗方案已有改进，但仍是癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。在本综述中，我们首先关注结直肠癌的发生以及其中涉及的遗传和表观遗传改变。此外，非编码RNA已被证明是基因表达的重要调节因子。我们概述了关于这些分子的已知信息及其在癌症中的作用和失调情况，特别关注微小RNA的生物合成、特征和功能。这些分子是癌症（包括结直肠癌）发生、进展、侵袭、血管生成和转移的重要调节因子。因此，微小RNA可用作诊断、预后和化疗疗效的潜在生物标志物，甚至可作为治疗剂或自身的靶点。因此，本综述强调了微小RNA在结直肠癌发生、进展、诊断和治疗中的重要性，并总结了目前结直肠癌的治疗方法。
