Sierra Mónica S, Soerjomataram Isabelle, Forman David
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, France.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, France.
Cancer Epidemiol. 2016 Sep;44 Suppl 1:S131-S140. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.06.010.
The incidence of prostate cancer has increased in Central and South America (CSA) in the last few decades. We describe the geographical patterns and trends of prostate cancer in CSA.
We obtained regional and national-level cancer incidence data from 48 population-based registries in 13 countries and nation-wide cancer deaths from the WHO mortality database for 18 countries. We estimated world population age-standardized incidence (ASR) and mortality (ASMR) rates per 100,000 person-years for 2003-2007 and the estimated annual percent change (EAPC) to describe time trends.
Prostate cancer was the most common cancer diagnosis and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among males in most CSA countries. From 2003-2007, ASRs varied between countries (6-fold) and within countries (Brazil: 3-6-fold). French Guyana (147.1) and Brazil (91.4) had the highest ASRs whereas Mexico (28.9) and Cuba (24.3) had the lowest. ASMRs varied by 4-fold. Belize, Uruguay and Cuba (24.1-28.9) had the highest ASMRs while Peru, Nicaragua, and El Salvador (6.8-9.7) had the lowest. In Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Costa Rica prostate cancer incidence increased by 2.8-4.8% annually whereas mortality remained stable between 1997 and 2008.
The geographic and temporal variation of prostate cancer rates observed in CSA may in part reflect differences in diagnostic and registration practices, healthcare access, treatment and death certification, and public awareness. The incidence of prostate cancer is expected to increase given recent early detection activities and increased public awareness; however, the impact of these factors on mortality remains to be elucidated.
在过去几十年中，中美洲和南美洲（CSA）前列腺癌的发病率有所上升。我们描述了CSA前列腺癌的地理模式和趋势。
我们从13个国家的48个基于人群的登记处获得了区域和国家层面的癌症发病率数据，并从世界卫生组织死亡率数据库中获得了18个国家的全国癌症死亡数据。我们估计了2003 - 2007年每10万人年的世界人口年龄标准化发病率（ASR）和死亡率（ASMR），以及描述时间趋势的估计年变化百分比（EAPC）。
在大多数CSA国家，前列腺癌是最常见的癌症诊断类型，也是男性癌症死亡的主要原因之一。2003 - 2007年期间，各国之间的ASR差异为6倍，各国国内也存在差异（巴西：3 - 6倍）。法属圭亚那（147.1）和巴西（91.4）的ASR最高，而墨西哥（28.9）和古巴（24.3）最低。ASMR相差4倍。伯利兹、乌拉圭和古巴（24.1 - 28.9）的ASMR最高，而秘鲁、尼加拉瓜和萨尔瓦多（6.8 - 9.7）最低。在阿根廷、巴西、智利和哥斯达黎加，1997年至2008年间前列腺癌发病率每年增长2.8 - 4.8%，而死亡率保持稳定。
在CSA观察到的前列腺癌发病率的地理和时间差异可能部分反映了诊断和登记做法、医疗保健可及性、治疗和死亡认证以及公众意识方面的差异。鉴于近期的早期检测活动和公众意识的提高，前列腺癌的发病率预计会上升；然而，这些因素对死亡率的影响仍有待阐明。
