Sierra Mónica S, Soerjomataram Isabelle, Forman David
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, Lyon, France.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, Lyon, France.
Cancer Epidemiol. 2016 Sep;44 Suppl 1:S150-S157. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.07.017.
Incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) is rapidly increasing worldwide, but little is known about the TC burden in Central and South America (CSA). We describe the geographic patterns and trends of TC by sex in CSA.
We obtained regional- and national-level incidence data from 48 population-based cancer registries in 13 countries and nationwide cancer deaths from the WHO mortality database for 18 countries. We estimated world population age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100,000 person-years. We calculated ASRs by histological subtype. We estimated the annual percentage change (EAPC) to describe time trends.
Between CSA countries, TC incidence and mortality rates varied from 8-fold to 12-fold and from 2-fold to 5-fold, respectively. In 2003-2007, the highest TC ASRs in females and males were in Ecuador (16.0 and 3.5, respectively), Brazil (14.4 and 3.4), Costa Rica (12.6 and 2.1) and Colombia (10.7 and 2.5). The highest ASMRs were in Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Panama (0.68-0.91 in females and 0.41-0.48 in males). Papillary TC was the most commonly diagnosed histological subtype, following the same incidence pattern as overall TC. In Argentinean, Brazilian, Chilean and Costa Rican females TC incidence increased by 2.2-17.9% annually, and papillary TC increased by 9.1-15.0% annually, while mortality remained stable between 1997 and 2008. In males, trends in TC were stable.
TC occurred more frequently in females than in males. The overall high incidence and low mortality of TC suggest identification of subclinical disease due to improved detection methods.
甲状腺癌（TC）的发病率在全球范围内迅速上升，但对于中美洲和南美洲（CSA）的TC负担了解甚少。我们描述了CSA地区按性别划分的TC地理模式和趋势。
我们从13个国家的48个基于人群的癌症登记处获取了地区和国家层面的发病率数据，并从世界卫生组织死亡率数据库中获取了18个国家的全国癌症死亡数据。我们估计了每10万人年的世界人口年龄标准化发病率（ASR）和年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）。我们按组织学亚型计算了ASR。我们估计了年度百分比变化（EAPC）以描述时间趋势。
在CSA国家之间，TC发病率和死亡率分别相差8倍至12倍和2倍至5倍。在2003 - 2007年期间，女性和男性中TC最高ASR分别出现在厄瓜多尔（分别为16.0和3.5）、巴西（14.4和3.4）、哥斯达黎加（12.6和2.1）和哥伦比亚（10.7和2.5）。最高ASMR出现在厄瓜多尔、哥伦比亚、墨西哥、秘鲁和巴拿马（女性为0.68 - 0.91，男性为0.41 - 0.48）。乳头状TC是最常见的诊断组织学亚型，其发病率模式与总体TC相同。在阿根廷、巴西、智利和哥斯达黎加的女性中，1997年至2008年期间TC发病率每年增加2.2% - 17.9%，乳头状TC每年增加9.1% - 15.0%，而死亡率保持稳定。在男性中，TC趋势稳定。
女性TC的发生频率高于男性。TC总体上的高发病率和低死亡率表明由于检测方法的改进，亚临床疾病得以识别。
