Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2017 Jan;98:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.09.016. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
Research has shown that safety climate is among the strongest predictors of safety behavior and safety outcomes in a variety of settings. Previous studies have established that safety climate is a multi-faceted construct referencing multiple levels of management within a company, most generally: the organization level (employee perceptions of top management's commitment to and prioritization of safety) and group level (employee perceptions of direct supervisor's commitment to and prioritization of safety). Yet, no research to date has examined the potential interaction between employees' organization-level safety climate (OSC) and group-level safety climate (GSC) perceptions. Furthermore, prior research has mainly focused on traditional work environments in which supervisors and workers interact in the same location throughout the day. Little research has been done to examine safety climate with regard to lone workers. The present study aims to address these gaps by examining the relationships between truck drivers' (as an example of lone workers) perceptions of OSC and GSC, both potential linear and non-linear relationships, and how these predict important safety outcomes. Participants were 8095 truck drivers from eight trucking companies in the United States with an average response rate of 44.8%. Results showed that employees' OSC and GSC perceptions are highly correlated (r= 0.78), but notable gaps between the two were observed for some truck drivers. Uniquely, both OSC and GSC scores were found to have curvilinear relationships with safe driving behavior, and both scores were equally predictive of safe driving behavior. Results also showed the two levels of climate significantly interacted with one another to predict safety behavior such that if either the OSC or GSC scores were low, the other's contribution to safety behavior became stronger. These findings suggest that OSC and GSC may function in a compensatory manner and promote safe driving behavior even when either OSC or GSC scores are low. The results of this study provide critical insight into the supplementary interaction between perceptions of OSC and GSC. Recommendations for future research, as well as practical recommendations for organizational intervention, are discussed.
研究表明，在各种环境下，安全氛围是安全行为和安全结果的最强预测因素之一。先前的研究已经证实，安全氛围是一个多方面的结构，涉及公司内多个管理层级，最常见的是：组织层面（员工对高层管理人员对安全的承诺和重视程度的看法）和群体层面（员工对直接主管对安全的承诺和重视程度的看法）。然而，迄今为止，没有研究探讨员工组织层面安全氛围（OSC）和群体层面安全氛围（GSC）感知之间的潜在相互作用。此外，先前的研究主要集中在传统工作环境中，在这种环境中，主管和工人整天在同一地点互动。很少有研究关注孤独工作者的安全氛围。本研究旨在通过检查卡车司机（作为孤独工作者的一个例子）对 OSC 和 GSC 的感知之间的关系来解决这些差距，包括潜在的线性和非线性关系，以及这些关系如何预测重要的安全结果。参与者是来自美国八家卡车运输公司的 8095 名卡车司机，平均回复率为 44.8%。结果表明，员工的 OSC 和 GSC 感知高度相关（r=0.78），但一些卡车司机的 OSC 和 GSC 感知之间存在显著差距。独特的是，OSC 和 GSC 得分都与安全驾驶行为呈曲线关系，并且两者都能同等准确地预测安全驾驶行为。结果还表明，两个层次的气候相互显著交互，以预测安全行为，即如果 OSC 或 GSC 得分较低，另一个对安全行为的贡献就会更强。这些发现表明，OSC 和 GSC 可能以互补的方式发挥作用，即使 OSC 或 GSC 得分较低，也能促进安全驾驶行为。本研究的结果提供了对 OSC 和 GSC 感知之间补充相互作用的重要见解。讨论了对未来研究的建议以及组织干预的实际建议。
