School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572025, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 29;19(3):1550. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031550.
As the concern for environmental pollution and occupational safety caused by the construction industry is gradually increasing worldwide, the prefabricated building model has become a type of construction promoted by sustainable societies. In China, the management codes of prefabricated buildings are not mature enough and safety accidents occur frequently during the construction process. Therefore, how to analyze and determine the main factors that affect the safety of the construction of prefabricated buildings has become a problem to protect the lives and health of construction workers. In this study, we focused our research on the accident-prone component-hoisting construction phase. First, through the questionnaire and accident data, the traditional human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) was improved into the HFACS-prefabricated building hoisting (PH) risk model. This study also established a comprehensive safety prevention and control system for the component-hoisting process of prefabricated buildings by combining the factor analysis of using structural equation modeling (SEM). The prevention and control measures to avoid the occurrence of prefabricated building component-hoisting accidents were also proposed from four aspects: external environment, organizational factors, prerequisites for triggering accidents, and unsafe leadership behaviors. The results showed the following: (1) For the external environment, occupational safety and health system standards should be established and safety supervision responsibilities should be implemented. (2) For organizational factors, safety management systems should be improved with more capital investment. (3) For unsafe leadership behaviors, safety education and training should be strengthened to ensure workers' optimal physical and psychological states. (4) For the prerequisite of accidents, it is necessary to create a good hoisting work environment.
随着全球范围内对建筑行业环境污染和职业安全的关注逐渐增加，预制建筑模式已成为可持续社会所推崇的一种建筑类型。在中国，预制建筑的管理规范还不够成熟，施工过程中经常发生安全事故。因此，如何分析和确定影响预制建筑施工安全的主要因素，已成为保护建筑工人生命和健康的一个问题。本研究聚焦于易发生事故的构件吊装施工阶段。首先，通过问卷调查和事故数据，将传统的人为因素分析和分类系统（HFACS）改进为预制建筑吊装（PH）风险模型 HFACS。本研究还通过结构方程建模（SEM）的因素分析，建立了预制建筑构件吊装过程的综合安全预防和控制系统。并从外部环境、组织因素、事故触发前提和不安全领导行为四个方面提出了避免预制建筑构件吊装事故发生的预防和控制措施。结果表明：（1）对于外部环境，应制定职业安全健康制度标准，并落实安全监督责任。（2）对于组织因素，应改进安全管理制度，增加资金投入。（3）对于不安全的领导行为，应加强安全教育和培训，确保工人处于最佳的生理和心理状态。（4）对于事故的前提条件，有必要创造一个良好的吊装工作环境。
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