Beckman E M, Connick M J, Tweedy S M
School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland Blair Dr, University of Queensland, Australia.
School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland Blair Dr, University of Queensland, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Apr;20(4):391-396. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.010. Epub 2016 Aug 28.
Classification in Paralympic Sport aims to minimize the impact of 10 eligible types of impairment on the outcome of competition. Methods for assessing the extent to which a given body structure or function has been impaired are required, but are challenging because it is not possible to directly measure an absence or loss. Rather, impairment must be inferred by measurement of extant body structures or functions.
This manuscript reviews the literature concerning the assessment of strength with the aim of identifying and describing the most appropriate method for inferring strength impairment in para-athletes.
It is posited that the most appropriate voluntary strength assessment method for inferring strength loss in para-athletes will be multi-joint, isometric tests performed at joint angles that facilitate maximum force production.
Evidence suggests such methods will permit development of tests that are specific to a variety of para-sports and which are reliable, ratio-scaled, and resistant to training. Future research should: develop sport-specific tests which are suitable for assessment of athletes with strength impairments of variable severity and distribution; and scientifically evaluate the extent to which such tests permit strength impairment to be validly inferred, including specific evaluation of the extent to which such measures respond to athletic training.
残奥会运动中的分级旨在尽量减少10种符合条件的损伤类型对比赛结果的影响。需要评估特定身体结构或功能受损程度的方法，但这具有挑战性，因为无法直接测量缺失或丧失情况。相反，必须通过测量现存的身体结构或功能来推断损伤情况。
本手稿回顾了有关力量评估的文献，目的是识别和描述推断残疾运动员力量损伤的最合适方法。
据推测，推断残疾运动员力量丧失的最合适的自愿力量评估方法将是在有助于产生最大力量的关节角度进行的多关节等长测试。
有证据表明，这些方法将有助于开发针对各种残疾人运动项目的测试，这些测试可靠、具有比率尺度且不受训练影响。未来的研究应：开发适合评估具有不同严重程度和分布的力量损伤运动员的特定运动项目测试；并科学评估此类测试在多大程度上能够有效推断力量损伤，包括具体评估此类测量对运动训练的反应程度。
