Villa T G, Feijoo-Siota L, Rama J L R, Ageitos J M
Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2017 Jun 1;133:97-116. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.029. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
Antivirals are compounds used since the 1960s that can interfere with viral development. Some of these antivirals can be isolated from a variety of sources, such as animals, plants, bacteria or fungi, while others must be obtained by chemical synthesis, either designed or random. Antivirals display a variety of mechanisms of action, and while some of them enhance the animal immune system, others block a specific enzyme or a particular step in the viral replication cycle. As viruses are mandatory intracellular parasites that use the host's cellular machinery to survive and multiply, it is essential that antivirals do not harm the host. In addition, viruses are continually developing new antiviral resistant strains, due to their high mutation rate, which makes it mandatory to continually search for, or develop, new antiviral compounds. This review describes natural and synthetic antivirals in chronological order, with an emphasis on natural compounds, even when their mechanisms of action are not completely understood, that could serve as the basis for future development of novel and/or complementary antiviral treatments.
抗病毒药物是自20世纪60年代以来使用的化合物，可干扰病毒发育。其中一些抗病毒药物可从多种来源分离，如动物、植物、细菌或真菌，而其他药物则必须通过化学合成获得，无论是设计合成还是随机合成。抗病毒药物具有多种作用机制，其中一些可增强动物免疫系统，而其他药物则可阻断病毒复制周期中的特定酶或特定步骤。由于病毒是必须在细胞内寄生的生物，利用宿主细胞机制生存和繁殖，因此抗病毒药物不损害宿主至关重要。此外，由于病毒的高突变率，它们不断产生新的抗病毒耐药菌株，这使得必须不断寻找或开发新的抗病毒化合物。本综述按时间顺序描述了天然和合成抗病毒药物，重点是天然化合物，即使其作用机制尚未完全了解，这些化合物也可为新型和/或补充性抗病毒治疗的未来发展提供基础。
