Saasa Ngonda, Nalubamba King Shimumbo, M'kandawire Ethel, Siwila Joyce
Department of Disease Control, University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, 10101 Lusaka, Zambia.
Department of Clinical Studies, University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, 10101 Lusaka, Zambia.
J Vet Med. 2016;2016:9781357. doi: 10.1155/2016/9781357. Epub 2016 Sep 6.
Canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis is a highly contagious enteric disease of young dogs. Limited studies have been done in Zambia to investigate the prevalence of CPV in dogs. Blood was collected from dogs from three veterinary clinics (clinic samples, = 174) and one township of Lusaka (field samples, = 56). Each dog's age, sex, breed, and vaccination status were recorded. A haemagglutination assay using pig erythrocytes and modified live parvovirus vaccine as the antigen was used. Antibodies to CPV were detected in 100% of dogs (unvaccinated or vaccinated). The titres ranged from 160 to 10240 with a median of 1280. Vaccinated dogs had significantly higher antibody titres compared to unvaccinated ( < 0.001). There was a significant difference in titres of clinic samples compared to field samples ( < 0.0001) but not within breed ( = 0.098) or sex ( = 0.572). Multiple regression analysis showed that only age and vaccination status were significant predictors of antibody titres. The presence of antibody in all dogs suggests that the CPV infection is ubiquitous and the disease is endemic, hence the need for research to determine the protection conferred by vaccination and natural exposure to the virus under local conditions.
犬细小病毒（CPV）肠炎是一种幼龄犬高度传染性肠道疾病。赞比亚针对犬类CPV流行情况开展的研究有限。采集了来自三家兽医诊所的犬只血液（诊所样本，n = 174）以及卢萨卡一个镇区的犬只血液（现场样本，n = 56）。记录了每只犬的年龄、性别、品种和疫苗接种状况。采用以猪红细胞和改良活细小病毒疫苗作为抗原的血凝试验。在所有犬只（未接种疫苗或已接种疫苗）中均检测到了CPV抗体。抗体效价范围为160至10240，中位数为1280。与未接种疫苗的犬相比，已接种疫苗的犬抗体效价显著更高（P < 0.001）。诊所样本与现场样本的效价存在显著差异（P < 0.0001），但品种内（P = 0.098）或性别间（P = 0.572）无显著差异。多元回归分析表明，只有年龄和疫苗接种状况是抗体效价的显著预测因素。所有犬只体内均存在抗体，这表明CPV感染普遍存在且该疾病为地方性疾病，因此有必要开展研究以确定在当地条件下疫苗接种和自然接触病毒所提供的保护作用。
