Hook E B
Am J Clin Nutr. 1978 Aug;31(8):1355-62. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/31.8.1355.
Interviews of 250 women concerning dietary changes during pregnancy were undertaken immediately after delivery. With regard to beverages, of women who regularly drank coffee or alcoholic items prior to conception, almost 30% reported a significant drop in ingestion during pregnancy. For coffee this change was attributed primarily to "endogenous" factors e.g., provocation of nausea or a loss of taste for the beverage. Concern regarding maternal or infant health was the most frequent reason for decrease in alcoholic beverages, although endogenous factors were also mentioned. Soda beverages were also ingested less frequently, predominantly because of dieting. The main increase was in milk consumption, primarily attributed to concern for the infant, but many mothers cited only a craving for the beverage. Other foods for which specific cravings were frequently cited were ice cream, sweets, and candy (particularly chocolate), fruits, and fish. Foods for which aversions outnumbered cravings were meats, poultry, and sauces flavored with oregano. Possible explanations for these changes associated with pregnancy are discussed.
在分娩后立即对250名女性进行了关于孕期饮食变化的访谈。关于饮品，在怀孕前经常喝咖啡或饮酒的女性中，近30%报告称孕期摄入量大幅下降。对于咖啡，这种变化主要归因于“内在”因素，例如引发恶心或对该饮品失去味觉。对母婴健康的担忧是饮酒量减少的最常见原因，不过也提到了内在因素。苏打饮料的摄入量也减少了，主要是因为节食。主要的增加在于牛奶的消费量，这主要归因于对婴儿的担忧，但许多母亲表示只是对这种饮品有渴望。经常被提及有特别渴望的其他食物有冰淇淋、糖果（尤其是巧克力）、水果和鱼。厌恶超过渴望的食物有肉类、家禽以及用牛至调味的酱汁。文中讨论了与怀孕相关的这些变化的可能解释。
