Pedersen N L, Lichtenstein P, Plomin R, DeFaire U, McClearn G E, Matthews K A
Department of Environmental Hygiene, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Psychosom Med. 1989 Jul-Aug;51(4):428-40. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198907000-00006.
The relative influences of genetic and environmental factors for Type A-like behaviors and related traits were examined in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. The sample consisted of 99 pairs of monozygotic twins separated at an early age and reared apart, 229 pairs of dizygotic twins reared apart, 160 monozygotic pairs reared together, and 212 dizygotic pairs reared together. The average age of the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging twins at the time of data collection in 1984 was 58.6 (SD 13.6); 72% of the pairs were over 50 years of age and 60% were female. The Framingham Type A Scale, three descriptors of the Type A behavior pattern (pressure, hard-driving, and ambitious), and measures of hostility and lack of assertiveness were assessed in a mailout questionnaire. Heritability (the proportion of total variance due to genetic effects) was 27%, 28%, 43%, 37%, 20%, and 12%, respectively, for the six measures. The most conservative test of significance indicated significant genetic influence for all but the hostility and assertiveness scales. Sharing the same rearing environment was generally unimportant for twin similarity in the Type A behaviors later in life; however, 20% of the variation in the hostility and assertiveness measures could be attributed to shared family environment. Evidence for the effects of correlated post-rearing environments was found for hostility. Approximately 60% of the variation in each of the measures can be attributed to non-shared environmental experiences unique to the individual.
在瑞典老年收养/双胞胎研究中，研究了遗传和环境因素对A型行为及相关特质的相对影响。样本包括99对自幼分离并在不同环境中抚养长大的同卵双胞胎、229对在不同环境中抚养长大的异卵双胞胎、160对共同抚养长大的同卵双胞胎以及212对共同抚养长大的异卵双胞胎。1984年收集数据时，瑞典老年收养/双胞胎研究中双胞胎的平均年龄为58.6岁（标准差13.6）；72%的双胞胎对年龄超过50岁，60%为女性。通过邮寄问卷评估了弗雷明汉A型量表、A型行为模式的三个描述特征（压力、干劲十足和有抱负）以及敌意和缺乏自信的测量指标。这六项测量指标的遗传率（由遗传效应导致的总方差比例）分别为27%、28%、43%、37%、20%和12%。最保守的显著性检验表明，除了敌意和自信量表外，其他量表均有显著的遗传影响。对于晚年A型行为的双胞胎相似性而言，共享相同的抚养环境通常并不重要；然而，敌意和自信测量指标中20%的变异可归因于共享的家庭环境。发现了相关的抚养后环境对敌意有影响的证据。每项测量指标中约60%的变异可归因于个体独特的非共享环境经历。
