Pedersen N L, Plomin R, McClearn G E, Friberg L
Department of Environmental Hygiene, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Dec;55(6):950-7. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.55.6.950.
The relative importance of genetic and environmental factors for neuroticism, extraversion, impulsivity, and monotony avoidance were estimated in a sample of 99 monozygotic and 229 dizygotic pairs of twins reared apart (TRA) and a matched sample of 160 monozygotic and 212 dizygotic pairs of twins reared together (TRT). The average age was 58.6 (SD = 13.6); 72% of the twins were 50 or older. Model-fitting analyses verified the importance of genetic factors for all four measures; from 23% to 45% of the total variation was attributable to genetic sources. There was considerable evidence that these factors were operating in a nonadditive manner for extraversion and impulsivity. Shared environment accounted for less than 10% of the variance; some evidence for selective placement was found for neuroticism.
在99对分开抚养的同卵双胞胎和229对分开抚养的异卵双胞胎样本，以及160对共同抚养的同卵双胞胎和212对共同抚养的异卵双胞胎匹配样本中，对神经质、外向性、冲动性和避免单调等因素的遗传和环境因素的相对重要性进行了估计。平均年龄为58.6岁（标准差=13.6）；72%的双胞胎年龄在50岁及以上。模型拟合分析证实了遗传因素对所有四项测量指标的重要性；总变异的23%至45%可归因于遗传因素。有大量证据表明，这些因素在外向性和冲动性方面以非加性方式起作用。共享环境占方差的比例不到10%；在神经质方面发现了一些选择性安置的证据。
