Gautam S G, Opit G P, Hosoda E
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 (
Current address: Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 9240 S Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648.
J Econ Entomol. 2016 Dec 1;109(6):2525-2533. doi: 10.1093/jee/tow221.
Phosphine resistance in stored-product insects occurs worldwide and is a major challenge to continued effective use of this fumigant. We determined resistance frequencies and levels of resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Plodia interpunctella collected from California almond storage and processing facilities. Discriminating doses of phosphine were established for eggs and larvae of P. interpunctella and eggs of T. castaneum using laboratory susceptible strains of the two species. For T. castaneum and P. interpunctella eggs, discriminating doses were 62.4 and 107.8 ppm, respectively, over a 3-d fumigation period, and for P. interpunctella larvae, discriminating dose was 98.7 ppm over a 20-h fumigation period. Discriminating dose tests on adults and eggs showed that 4 out of 11 T. castaneum populations tested had resistance frequencies that ranged from 42 to 100% for adults and 54 to 100% for eggs. LC99 values for the susceptible and the most resistant adults of T. castaneum were 7.4 and 356.9 ppm over 3 d, respectively. LC99 values for T. castaneum eggs were 51.5 and 653.9 ppm, respectively. Based on adult data, the most resistant T. castaneum beetle population was 49× more resistant than the susceptible strain. Phosphine resistance frequencies in P. interpunctella eggs ranged from 4 to 20%. Results show phosphine resistance is present in both species in California. Future research will investigate phosphine resistance over a wider geographic area. In addition, the history of pest management practices in facilities where insects tested in this study originated will be determined in order to develop phosphine resistance management strategies for California almond storage and processing facilities.
储粮害虫对磷化氢的抗性在全球范围内都有发生，这是继续有效使用这种熏蒸剂面临的一项重大挑战。我们测定了从加利福尼亚杏仁储存和加工设施中采集的赤拟谷盗和印度谷螟的抗性频率及抗性水平。利用这两个物种的实验室敏感品系，确定了印度谷螟卵和幼虫以及赤拟谷盗卵的磷化氢甄别剂量。对于赤拟谷盗和印度谷螟的卵，在3天熏蒸期内甄别剂量分别为62.4 ppm和107.8 ppm；对于印度谷螟幼虫，在20小时熏蒸期内甄别剂量为98.7 ppm。对成虫和卵的甄别剂量测试表明，在测试的11个赤拟谷盗种群中，有4个种群的成虫抗性频率在42%至100%之间，卵的抗性频率在54%至100%之间。赤拟谷盗敏感成虫和抗性最强成虫的3天LC99值分别为7.4 ppm和356.9 ppm。赤拟谷盗卵的LC99值分别为51.5 ppm和653.9 ppm。根据成虫数据，抗性最强的赤拟谷盗甲虫种群的抗性比敏感品系高49倍。印度谷螟卵的磷化氢抗性频率在4%至20%之间。结果表明，加利福尼亚的这两个物种都存在磷化氢抗性。未来的研究将在更广泛的地理区域调查磷化氢抗性。此外，将确定本研究中测试昆虫所源自设施的害虫管理实践历史，以便为加利福尼亚杏仁储存和加工设施制定磷化氢抗性管理策略。
