Marshall Stephen W, Guskiewicz Kevin M, Shankar Viswanathan, McCrea Michael, Cantu Robert C
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Inj Epidemiol. 2015 Dec;2(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40621-015-0045-4. Epub 2015 Jun 16.
The epidemiology of sports-related concussion is not well-described in the literature. This paper presents a descriptive epidemiology of concussion in seven high school and collegiate sports.
We used the data from Concussion Prevention Initiative (CPI), which enrolled 8905 athletes at 210 high schools and 26 colleges in a prospective cohort study of 7 sports (football, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's lacrosse, and men's and women's ice hockey) between 1999 and 2001. Injury risks and injury rates were used to characterize the incidence of concussion, and changes in symptoms over time were described.
A total of 375 concussions were observed. The incidence of concussion was highest in football, followed by women's lacrosse, men's lacrosse, men's soccer, and women's soccer (only 10 ice hockey teams were included, too few to quantify incidence). The rate of incident concussion was strongly associated with history of concussion in the previous 24 months (rate ratio = 5.5; 95 %CI: 3.9, 7.8, for 2 or more concussions relative to no previous concussion). The most common symptoms at time of injury were headache (87 %), balance problems/dizziness (77 %), and feeling "in a fog" (62 %). Loss of consciousness and amnesia were present in relatively few cases (9 and 30 %). The most common mechanism of injury was collision with another player.
Sports-related concussions present with a diverse range of symptoms and are associated with previous concussion history.
与运动相关的脑震荡的流行病学在文献中描述得并不充分。本文介绍了七项高中和大学体育运动中脑震荡的描述性流行病学情况。
我们使用了来自脑震荡预防倡议（CPI）的数据，该倡议在1999年至2001年间对210所高中和26所大学的8905名运动员进行了一项关于7项运动（橄榄球、男子和女子足球、男子和女子长曲棍球以及男子和女子冰球）的前瞻性队列研究。使用损伤风险和损伤率来描述脑震荡的发生率，并描述症状随时间的变化。
共观察到375例脑震荡。脑震荡发生率在橄榄球运动中最高，其次是女子长曲棍球、男子长曲棍球、男子足球和女子足球（仅纳入了10支冰球队，数量过少无法量化发生率）。新发脑震荡率与前24个月内的脑震荡病史密切相关（相对于无既往脑震荡，有2次或更多次脑震荡的发生率比值为5.5；95%置信区间：3.9, 7.8）。受伤时最常见的症状是头痛（87%）、平衡问题/头晕（77%）以及感觉“迷糊”（62%）。相对较少的病例出现意识丧失和失忆（分别为9%和30%）。最常见的损伤机制是与其他运动员碰撞。
与运动相关的脑震荡症状多样，并与既往脑震荡病史相关。
