Gangemi Silvia, Miozzi Edoardo, Teodoro Michele, Briguglio Giusi, De Luca Annamaria, Alibrando Carmela, Polito Irene, Libra Massimo
Department of Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images, Occupational Medicine Section, 'Policlinico G. Martino' Hospital, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy.
Mol Med Rep. 2016 Nov;14(5):4475-4488. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5817. Epub 2016 Oct 10.
It is well known that pesticides are widely used compounds. In fact, their use in agriculture, forestry, fishery and the food industry has granted a huge improvement in terms of productive efficiency. However, a great number of epidemiological surveys have demonstrated that these toxic compounds can interact and exert negative effects not only with their targets (pests, herbs and fungi), but also with the rest of the environment, including humans. This is particularly relevant in the case of workers involved in the production, transportation, preparation and application of these toxicants. Accordingly, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated the correlation between occupational exposure to pesticides and the development of a wide spectrum of pathologies, ranging from eczema to neurological diseases and cancer. Pesticide exposure is often quite difficult to establish, as many currently used modules do not take into account all of the many variables that can occur in a diverse environment, such as the agricultural sector, and the assessment of the real risk for every single worker is problematic. Indeed, the use of personal protection equipment is necessary while handling these toxic compounds, but education of workers can be even more important: personal contamination with pesticides may occur even in apparently harmless situations. This review summarises the most recent findings describing the association between pesticide occupational exposure and the development of chronic diseases.
众所周知，农药是广泛使用的化合物。事实上，它们在农业、林业、渔业和食品工业中的使用在生产效率方面带来了巨大的提升。然而，大量的流行病学调查表明，这些有毒化合物不仅会与它们的目标（害虫、杂草和真菌）相互作用并产生负面影响，还会与包括人类在内的其他环境因素相互作用。这在参与这些毒物生产、运输、制备和施用的工人身上尤为明显。因此，越来越多的证据表明，职业性接触农药与多种疾病的发生之间存在关联，从湿疹到神经疾病和癌症不等。农药接触往往很难确定，因为许多目前使用的模型没有考虑到在多样化环境（如农业部门）中可能出现的所有众多变量，而且评估每个工人的实际风险存在问题。确实，在处理这些有毒化合物时使用个人防护设备是必要的，但对工人的教育可能更为重要：即使在看似无害的情况下，也可能发生农药的个人污染。这篇综述总结了描述农药职业接触与慢性病发生之间关联的最新研究结果。
