Department of Nutrition, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
Nutrients. 2016 Oct 14;8(10):636. doi: 10.3390/nu8100636.
The Mediterranean diet is upheld in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines as an example of an eating pattern that promotes good health, a healthy body weight, and disease prevention throughout the lifespan. The Mediterranean eating pattern is based on a variety of unprocessed plant foods including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds that are high in polyphenols. The majority of polyphenols arrive in the colon where bacteria degrade them into smaller phenolics that can be translocated via the portal vein to the liver. In the liver, the phenolics undergo additional biotransformation prior to release into the circulation and transport to specific tissues where bioactive effects take place before removal in the urine. Recent epidemiologic studies using improved assessment techniques support that high versus low dietary polyphenol intake predicts reduced risk for neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, and early death from all causes. Emerging science reveals that many of these health-related benefits can be traced to the biotransformed, gut-derived phenolics. In conclusion, the high consumption of unprocessed plant foods by inhabitants of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea has been linked to multiple health and disease prevention benefits that are in large part due to a varied intake of polyphenols.
地中海饮食在 2015-2020 年膳食指南中被推崇为一种促进健康、健康体重和预防整个生命周期疾病的饮食模式。地中海饮食模式基于多种未经加工的植物性食物，包括富含多酚的水果、蔬菜、全谷物、豆类、坚果和种子。大多数多酚到达结肠，细菌将其降解成更小的酚类物质，这些物质可以通过门静脉转移到肝脏。在肝脏中，酚类物质在释放到循环中并运输到特定组织之前会经历额外的生物转化，在这些组织中会发生生物活性作用，然后在尿液中被清除。最近使用改进评估技术的流行病学研究支持，高多酚饮食摄入与低多酚饮食摄入相比，可降低神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、心血管疾病、高血压、肥胖和全因早逝的风险。新兴科学表明，这些与健康相关的益处中的许多可以追溯到生物转化的、肠道衍生的酚类物质。总之，地中海地区国家的居民大量食用未经加工的植物性食物，与多种健康和疾病预防益处有关，这在很大程度上是由于多酚的多样化摄入。
