Medina Norma H, Haro-Muñoz Emilio, Pellini Alessandra Cristina, Machado Braulio C, Russo Denise H, Timenetsky Maria do Carmo, Carmona Rita de Cássia C
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2016 Feb;39(2):137-141.
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) infection is highly contagious and can lead to explosive epidemics. In early February 2011, the Center for Epidemiologic Surveillance of the State of São Paulo Health Secretariat (SES-SP) in Brazil received reports of conjunctivitis outbreaks from rural areas of the state that subsequently spread statewide. This report describes that AHC epidemic and its etiologic agent. Data from the Ministry of Health Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SinanNet) and the SES-SP epidemiologic surveillance system for conjunctivitis, developed to detect outbreaks, confirm the etiologic agent, and carry out control measures, were analyzed. Eye (conjunctival swab) samples were taken from patients with clinical presentation of viral conjunctivitis to perform viral laboratory diagnosis. A total of 1 067 981 conjunctivitis cases were reported to the surveillance system for 2011; there was an increase in the number of cases in epidemiologic weeks 6-26 (summer season) versus previous years. Most cases occurred in the metropolitan region of Greater São Paulo. Of 93 collected samples, 57 tested positive for coxsackievirus-A24 (CV-A24), based on virus isolation in tissue-culture cell lines, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enterovirus sequencing of RT-PCR. The data analysis showed that the fast-spreading etiologic agent of the AHC epidemic that occurred in the summer of 2011 was CV-A24. The AHC epidemic was due to an enterovirus that occurred sporadically, spread rapidly and with great magnitude, and had substantial socioeconomic impact due to the high level of absenteeism at work and school.
急性出血性结膜炎（AHC）感染具有高度传染性，可导致爆发性流行。2011年2月初，巴西圣保罗州卫生秘书处（SES-SP）的流行病学监测中心收到该州农村地区结膜炎疫情报告，随后疫情蔓延至全州。本报告描述了此次AHC疫情及其病原体。分析了卫生部法定传染病信息系统（SinanNet）以及SES-SP为检测疫情、确认病原体并采取控制措施而建立的结膜炎流行病学监测系统的数据。从表现出病毒性结膜炎临床症状的患者采集眼部（结膜拭子）样本，进行病毒实验室诊断。2011年，监测系统共报告了1067981例结膜炎病例；与前几年相比，第6 - 26周（夏季）的病例数有所增加。大多数病例发生在大圣保罗大都市区。在采集的93份样本中，基于组织培养细胞系中的病毒分离、逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）以及RT-PCR的肠道病毒测序，57份样本检测出柯萨奇病毒A24（CV-A24）呈阳性。数据分析表明，2011年夏季发生的AHC疫情的快速传播病原体为CV-A24。此次AHC疫情是由一种肠道病毒引起的，该病毒偶有发生，传播迅速且范围广泛，由于工作场所和学校的缺勤率很高，造成了重大的社会经济影响。
