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一家公立妇产医院中小于胎龄新生儿出生的频率及危险因素

Frequency and risk factors for the birth of small-for-gestational-age newborns in a public maternity hospital.

作者信息

Teixeira Marina Parca Cavelagna, Queiroga Tatiana Peloso Reis, Mesquita Maria Dos Anjos

机构信息

Hospital Municipal Maternidade Escola de Vila Nova Cachoeirinha "Dr. Mario de Moraes Altenfelder Silva", São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

出版信息

Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2016 Jul-Sep;14(3):317-323. doi: 10.1590/S1679-45082016AO3684.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

: To determine the frequency and risk factors of small-for-gestational-age newborns in a high-risk maternity.

METHODS

: This is an observational, cross-sectional, and case-control study, conducted in a public tertiary care maternity hospital. Data from 998 newborns and their mothers were collected through interviews and review of medical records and prenatal care cards. Some placentas underwent histopathological analysis. The variables of small-for-gestational-age and non-small-for-gestational-age newborns and of their mothers were statistically compared by means of Student's t test, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio. The significance level used was 0.050.

RESULTS

: There was a 17.9% frequency of small-for-gestational-age newborns. The statistically significant factors associated with the birth of these babies were female sex (p=0.012); positive history of another small-for-gestational-age child (p=0.006); inadequate prenatal care (p=0.019); smoking (p=0.003); hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (p=0.007); placental bleeding (p=0.009) and infarction (p=0.001).

CONCLUSION

: In the population studied, the frequency of small-for-gestational-age newborns was high and associated with sex, inappropriate prenatal care, presence of maternal diseases and addictions, and placental abnormalities.

OBJETIVO

: Determinar a frequência e os fatores de risco de recém-nascidos pequenos para idade gestacional em uma maternidade de alto risco.

MÉTODOS:: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e caso-controle, realizado em maternidade pública de nível terciário. Foram levantados dados de 998 recém-nascidos e de suas respectivas mães por meio de entrevista e análise de prontuários e de cartões do pré-natal. Algumas placentas foram submetidas à análise anatomopatológica. As variáveis dos recém-nascidos pequenos e não pequenos para idade gestacional e de suas respectivas mães foram comparadas estatisticamente pelo teste paramétrico t de Student, pelo teste exato de Fisher e por odds ratio. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,050.

RESULTADOS

: A frequência de recém-nascidos pequenos para idade gestacional foi de 17,9%. Os fatores com significado estatístico associados ao nascimento desses bebês foram sexo feminino (p=0,012); história positiva para filho anterior pequeno para idade gestacional (p=0,006); realização de pré-natal inadequado (p=0,019); tabagismo (p=0,003); doença hipertensiva específica da gestação (p=0,007); hemorragia (p=0,009) e infarto (p=0,001) placentários.

CONCLUSÃO:: Na população estudada, a frequência de recém-nascidos pequenos para idade gestacional foi elevada e relacionada ao sexo, à inadequação do pré-natal, à presença de doenças e vícios maternos e às alterações placentárias.

摘要

目的

确定高危产科中小于胎龄新生儿的发生率及危险因素。

方法

这是一项在公立三级护理妇产医院进行的观察性、横断面病例对照研究。通过访谈以及查阅病历和产前检查卡,收集了998名新生儿及其母亲的数据。部分胎盘进行了组织病理学分析。采用学生t检验、Fisher精确检验和比值比,对小于胎龄和非小于胎龄新生儿及其母亲的变量进行统计学比较。使用的显著性水平为0.050。

结果

小于胎龄新生儿的发生率为17.9%。与这些婴儿出生相关的具有统计学意义的因素为女性性别(p = 0.012);有另一个小于胎龄儿童的阳性病史(p = 0.006);产前护理不足(p = 0.019);吸烟(p = 0.003);妊娠高血压疾病(p = 0.007);胎盘出血(p = 0.009)和梗死(p = 0.001)。

结论

在所研究的人群中,小于胎龄新生儿的发生率较高,且与性别、产前护理不当、母亲疾病和成瘾情况以及胎盘异常有关。

目的

确定高危产科中小于胎龄新生儿的发生率及危险因素。

方法

这是一项在公立三级护理妇产医院进行的观察性、横断面病例对照研究。通过访谈以及查阅病历和产前检查卡,收集了998名新生儿及其母亲的数据。部分胎盘进行了组织病理学分析。采用学生t检验、Fisher精确检验和比值比,对小于胎龄和非小于胎龄新生儿及其母亲的变量进行统计学比较。使用的显著性水平为0.050。

结果

小于胎龄新生儿的发生率为17.9%。与这些婴儿出生相关的具有统计学意义的因素为女性性别(p = 0.012);有另一个小于胎龄儿童的阳性病史(p = 0.006);产前护理不足(p = 0.019);吸烟(p = 0.003);妊娠高血压疾病(p = 0.007);胎盘出血(p = 0.009)和梗死(p = 0.001)。

结论

在所研究的人群中,小于胎龄新生儿的发生率较高,且与性别、产前护理不当、母亲疾病和成瘾情况以及胎盘异常有关。

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