Fergusson David M, Horwood L John, Northstone Kate
Christchurch Health and Development Study, Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand.
BJOG. 2002 Jan;109(1):21-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01020.x.
To document the prevalence of cannabis use in a large sample of British women studied during pregnancy, to determine the association between cannabis use and social and lifestyle factors and assess any independent effects on pregnancy outcome.
Self-completed questionnaire on use of cannabis before and during pregnancy.
Over 12,000 women expecting singletons at 18 to 20 weeks of gestation who were enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood.
Any association with the use of cannabis before and during pregnancy with pregnancy outcome was examined, taking into account potentially confounding factors including maternal social background and other substance use during pregnancy.
Late fetal and perinatal death, special care admission of the newborn infant, birthweight, birth length and head circumference.
Five percent of mothers reported smoking cannabis before and/or during pregnancy; they were younger, of lower parity, better educated and more likely to use alcohol, cigarettes, coffee, tea and hard drugs. Cannabis use during pregnancy was unrelated to risk of perinatal death or need for special care, but, the babies of women who used cannabis at least once per week before and throughout pregnancy were 216 g lighter than those of non-users, had significantly shorter birth lengths and smaller head circumferences. After adjustment for confounding factors, the association between cannabis use and birthweight failed to be statistically significant (P = 0.056) and was clearly non-linear: the adjusted mean birthweights for babies of women using cannabis at least once per week before and throughout pregnancy were 90 g lighter than the offspring of other women. No significant adjusted effects were seen for birth length and head circumference.
The results of this study suggest that the use of cannabis during pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of perinatal mortality or morbidity in this sample. However, frequent and regular use of cannabis throughout pregnancy may be associated with small but statistically detectable decrements in birthweight.
记录在孕期接受研究的大量英国女性中大麻使用的流行情况，确定大麻使用与社会和生活方式因素之间的关联，并评估对妊娠结局的任何独立影响。
关于孕期前后大麻使用情况的自我填写问卷。
12000多名在妊娠18至20周时怀有单胎的女性，她们参与了埃文纵向孕期和儿童研究。
研究孕期前后大麻使用与妊娠结局之间的任何关联，同时考虑潜在的混杂因素，包括母亲的社会背景和孕期其他物质的使用情况。
胎儿晚期和围产期死亡、新生儿特殊护理入院情况、出生体重、出生身长和头围。
5%的母亲报告在孕期前后吸食过大麻；她们更年轻、产次更低、受教育程度更高，且更有可能使用酒精、香烟、咖啡、茶和硬性毒品。孕期使用大麻与围产期死亡风险或特殊护理需求无关，但是，在孕期前后每周至少使用一次大麻的女性所生婴儿比未使用者所生婴儿轻216克，出生身长明显更短，头围更小。在对混杂因素进行调整后，大麻使用与出生体重之间的关联无统计学意义（P = 0.056），且明显呈非线性：在孕期前后每周至少使用一次大麻的女性所生婴儿的调整后平均出生体重比其他女性的后代轻90克。出生身长和头围未见显著的调整后影响。
本研究结果表明，在该样本中，孕期使用大麻与围产期死亡率或发病率增加无关。然而，孕期频繁且规律地使用大麻可能与出生体重有微小但在统计学上可检测到的下降有关。
