Addiss D G, Yashuk J C, Clapp D E, Blake P A
Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
Epidemiol Infect. 1989 Aug;103(1):63-72. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800030363.
We reviewed data from the Vessel Sanitation Program (VSP), established by the US Public Health Service in 1975, to describe the epidemiology of shipboard diarrhoeal outbreaks, determine the risk of outbreak-related illness among cruise ship passengers, and evaluate changes in rates and patterns of shipboard diarrhoeal illness since the VSP was implemented. When the programme began, none of the cruise ships passed periodic VSP sanitation inspections; since 1978, more than 50% of ships have met the standard each year. On cruises lasting 3-15 days and having at least 100 passengers, diarrhoeal disease outbreaks investigated by the Centers for Disease Control decreased from 8.1 to 3.0 per 10 million passenger days between 1975-79 and 1980-85. The proportion of outbreaks due to bacterial pathogens (36%) did not change. Seafood cocktail was implicated in 8 of 13 documented food-borne outbreaks. The risk of diarrhoeal disease outbreaks on cruise ships appears to have decreased since implementation of the VSP but has not been eliminated.
我们回顾了美国公共卫生服务部于1975年设立的船只卫生计划（VSP）的数据，以描述船上腹泻疫情的流行病学特征，确定邮轮乘客中与疫情相关疾病的风险，并评估自VSP实施以来船上腹泻疾病的发病率和模式变化。该计划启动时，没有一艘邮轮通过VSP定期卫生检查；自1978年以来，每年有超过50%的船只达到标准。在持续3至15天且至少搭载100名乘客的邮轮上，疾病控制中心调查的腹泻病疫情从1975 - 1979年的每1000万乘客日8.1起降至1980 - 1985年的3.0起。由细菌病原体引起的疫情比例（36%）没有变化。在13起有记录的食源性疫情中，有8起涉及海鲜鸡尾酒。自VSP实施以来，邮轮上腹泻病疫情的风险似乎有所降低，但尚未消除。
