Redding Erika M, Ruiz-Cantero María Teresa, Fernández-Sáez José, Guijarro-Garvi Marta
School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Grupo de Investigación de Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
Gac Sanit. 2017 Mar-Apr;31(2):82-88. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.07.025. Epub 2016 Oct 26.
Considering both the economic crisis of 2008 and the Gender Equality Law (2007), this study analyses the association between gender inequality in Spanish Autonomous Communities (AC) and intimate partner violence (IPV) from 2006 to 2014 in terms of socio-demographic characteristics.
Ecological study in the 17 Spanish AC on the correlation between the reported cases by IPV and deaths and the Gender Inequality Index and its dimensions: empowerment, participation in the labour market and adolescent birth rates; and their correlation with Young People Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET).
In 2006, IPV mortality rates were higher in autonomous communities with greater gender inequality than AC with more equality (4.1 vs. 2.5×10 women >14 years), as were reporting rates of IPV (OR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.47-1.50). In 2014, the IPV mortality rates in AC with greater gender inequality fell to just below the mortality rates in AC with more gender equality (2.5 vs. 2.7×10 women >14 years). Rates of IPV reports also decreased (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.20-1.23). Adolescent birth rates were most associated with IPV reports, which were also associated with the burden of NEET by AC (ρ=0.494, ρ=0.615).
Gender-sensitive policies may serve as a platform for reduced mortality and reports of IPV in Spain, particularly in AC with more gender inequality. A reduction of NEET may reduce adolescent birth rates and in turn IPV rates.
考虑到2008年的经济危机和《性别平等法》（2007年），本研究从社会人口学特征方面分析了2006年至2014年西班牙自治区（AC）的性别不平等与亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）之间的关联。
对西班牙17个自治区进行生态研究，分析IPV报告的案件及死亡情况与性别不平等指数及其维度（赋权、劳动力市场参与率和青少年生育率）之间的相关性；以及它们与不在教育、就业或培训中的年轻人（NEET）的相关性。
2006年，性别不平等程度较高的自治区的IPV死亡率高于性别平等程度较高的自治区（14岁以上女性中，分别为4.1 vs. 2.5×10），IPV报告率也是如此（OR=1.49；95%CI：1.47-1.50）。2014年，性别不平等程度较高的自治区的IPV死亡率降至略低于性别平等程度较高的自治区的死亡率（14岁以上女性中，分别为2.5 vs. 2.7×10）。IPV报告率也有所下降（OR=1.22；95%CI：1.20-1.23）。青少年生育率与IPV报告的关联最为密切，IPV报告还与各自治区的NEET负担相关（ρ=0.494，ρ=0.615）。
对性别问题有敏感认识的政策可能成为西班牙降低IPV死亡率和报告率的一个平台，特别是在性别不平等程度较高的自治区。减少NEET可能会降低青少年生育率，进而降低IPV发生率。
