Gupta Manju, Bhaskar Pudota B, Sriram Shreedharan, Wang Po-Hao
Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA.
Plant Cell Rep. 2017 May;36(5):637-652. doi: 10.1007/s00299-016-2064-1. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
Oilseed crops, especially soybean (Glycine max) and canola/rapeseed (Brassica napus), produce seeds that are rich in both proteins and oils and that are major sources of energy and nutrition worldwide. Most of the nutritional content in the seed is accumulated in the embryo during the seed filling stages of seed development. Understanding the metabolic pathways that are active during seed filling and how they are regulated are essential prerequisites to crop improvement. In this review, we summarize various omics studies of soybean and canola/rapeseed during seed filling, with emphasis on oil and protein traits, to gain a systems-level understanding of seed development. Currently, most (80-85%) of the soybean and rapeseed reference genomes have been sequenced (950 and 850 megabases, respectively). Parallel to these efforts, extensive omics datasets from different seed filling stages have become available. Transcriptome and proteome studies have detected preponderance of starch metabolism and glycolysis enzymes to be the possible cause of higher oil in B. napus compared to other crops. Small RNAome studies performed during the seed filling stages have revealed miRNA-mediated regulation of transcription factors, with the suggestion that this interaction could be responsible for transitioning the seeds from embryogenesis to maturation. In addition, progress made in dissecting the regulation of de novo fatty acid synthesis and protein storage pathways is described. Advances in high-throughput omics and comprehensive tissue-specific analyses make this an exciting time to attempt knowledge-driven investigation of complex regulatory pathways.
油料作物，尤其是大豆（Glycine max）和油菜籽（Brassica napus），所产种子富含蛋白质和油脂，是全球主要的能量和营养来源。种子发育的灌浆阶段，种子中的大部分营养成分都在胚中积累。了解灌浆期活跃的代谢途径及其调控方式是作物改良的必要前提。在本综述中，我们总结了大豆和油菜籽灌浆期的各种组学研究，重点关注油脂和蛋白质性状，以便从系统层面理解种子发育。目前，大豆和油菜籽参考基因组的大部分（80 - 85%）已完成测序（分别为950和850兆碱基）。与此同时，来自不同灌浆阶段的大量组学数据集也已可得。转录组和蛋白质组研究发现，淀粉代谢和糖酵解酶占优势可能是油菜籽含油量高于其他作物的原因。在种子灌浆阶段进行的小RNA组研究揭示了miRNA介导的转录因子调控，表明这种相互作用可能是种子从胚胎发生向成熟转变的原因。此外，还介绍了在解析从头脂肪酸合成和蛋白质储存途径调控方面取得的进展。高通量组学和全面的组织特异性分析的进展，使得现在成为尝试对复杂调控途径进行知识驱动研究的激动人心的时刻。
