Casey Sarah J, Solomons Luke C, Steier Joerg, Kabra Neeraj, Burnside Anna, Pengo Martino F, Moxham John, Goldstein Laura H, Kopelman Michael D
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London.
Luke C. Solomons.
Neuropsychology. 2016 Nov;30(8):931-945. doi: 10.1037/neu0000314.
It has been debated whether different stages in the human sleep cycle preferentially mediate the consolidation of explicit and implicit memories, or whether all of the stages in succession are necessary for optimal consolidation. Here we investigated whether the selective deprivation of slow wave sleep (SWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep over an entire night would have a specific effect on consolidation in explicit and implicit memory tasks.
Participants completed a set of explicit and implicit memory tasks at night, prior to sleep. They had 1 control night of undisturbed sleep and 2 experimental nights, during which either SWS or REM sleep was selectively deprived across the entire night (sleep conditions counterbalanced across participants). Polysomnography recordings quantified precisely the amount of SWS and REM sleep that occurred during each of the sleep conditions, and spindle counts were recorded. In the morning, participants completed the experimental tasks in the same sequence as the night before.
SWS deprivation disrupted the consolidation of explicit memories for visuospatial information (ηp2 = .23), and both SWS (ηp2 = .53) and REM sleep (ηp2 = .52) deprivation adversely affected explicit verbal recall. Neither SWS nor REM sleep deprivation affected aspects of short-term or working memory, and did not affect measures of verbal implicit memory. Spindle counts did not correlate significantly with memory performance.
These findings demonstrate the importance of measuring the sleep cycles throughout the entire night, and the contribution of both SWS and REM sleep to memory consolidation. (PsycINFO Database Record
人类睡眠周期的不同阶段是优先介导外显记忆和内隐记忆的巩固，还是连续的所有阶段对于最佳巩固都是必需的，这一直存在争议。在这里，我们研究了整夜选择性剥夺慢波睡眠（SWS）或快速眼动（REM）睡眠是否会对外显和内隐记忆任务的巩固产生特定影响。
参与者在夜间睡眠前完成了一组外显和内隐记忆任务。他们有1个不受干扰的对照睡眠夜和2个实验夜，在实验夜中，整个晚上选择性剥夺SWS或REM睡眠（睡眠条件在参与者之间进行平衡）。多导睡眠图记录精确量化了每种睡眠条件下发生的SWS和REM睡眠量，并记录了纺锤波数量。早上，参与者按照前一天晚上的相同顺序完成实验任务。
剥夺SWS会干扰视觉空间信息外显记忆的巩固（偏η² = 0.23），剥夺SWS（偏η² = 0.53）和REM睡眠（偏η² = 0.52）都会对言语外显回忆产生不利影响。剥夺SWS和REM睡眠均未影响短期或工作记忆的各个方面，也未影响言语内隐记忆的测量。纺锤波数量与记忆表现无显著相关性。
这些发现证明了测量整夜睡眠周期的重要性，以及SWS和REM睡眠对记忆巩固的作用。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
