Borowicz Adrianna, Zasadzka Ewa, Gaczkowska Agnieszka, Gawłowska Olga, Pawlaczyk Mariola
Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Sep;28(9):2486-2490. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.2486. Epub 2016 Sep 29.
[Purpose] The risk of falls in the elderly is an important public health problem. Suitable tests may help detect those at risk of falling. This study determined which balance test for older adults generates the most reliable results in terms of fall risk assessment, based on the number of falls over the last 12 months. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 153 individuals (31 males, 122 females, aged 76.67 ± 8.3 years; median 76.5, range 65-94) were investigated. The subjects were subdivided between fallers (a fall over the last 12 months) and non-fallers (no falls over the last 12 months). All participants were assessed with the following: Barthel Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Timed Up and Go, Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment), Berg Balance Test, and One-Legged Stance Test. [Results] Statistically significant differences were detected between fallers and non-fallers in TUG, POMA, BBS, and OLST scores. The number of falls correlated positively with the results for TUG, POMA, and OLST. [Conclusion] TUG and POMA were the most useful screening tests for balance and gait impairment in elderly nursing home residents. Two or more tests should be performed for more precise assessment of the risk of falling.
[目的]老年人跌倒风险是一个重要的公共卫生问题。合适的测试有助于检测出有跌倒风险的人群。本研究基于过去12个月内的跌倒次数，确定哪种针对老年人的平衡测试在跌倒风险评估方面能产生最可靠的结果。[对象与方法]共调查了153人（男性31人，女性122人，年龄76.67±8.3岁；中位数76.5，范围65 - 94岁）。将受试者分为跌倒者（过去12个月内有跌倒）和未跌倒者（过去12个月内无跌倒）。所有参与者均接受以下评估：巴氏量表、简易精神状态检查表、计时起立行走测试、Tinetti以表现为导向的运动能力评估、伯格平衡测试和单腿站立测试。[结果]在计时起立行走测试、Tinetti以表现为导向的运动能力评估、伯格平衡测试和单腿站立测试的得分上，跌倒者和未跌倒者之间检测到具有统计学意义的差异。跌倒次数与计时起立行走测试、Tinetti以表现为导向的运动能力评估和单腿站立测试的结果呈正相关。[结论]计时起立行走测试和Tinetti以表现为导向的运动能力评估是老年疗养院居民平衡和步态障碍最有用的筛查测试。应进行两项或更多测试以更精确地评估跌倒风险。
