Konongoi Limbaso, Ofula Victor, Nyunja Albert, Owaka Samuel, Koka Hellen, Makio Albina, Koskei Edith, Eyase Fredrick, Langat Daniel, Schoepp Randal J, Rossi Cynthia Ann, Njeru Ian, Coldren Rodney, Sang Rosemary
Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O Box 54628-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
United States Army Medical Research Directorate, P. O Box 606, Nairobi, Kenya.
Virol J. 2016 Nov 4;13(1):182. doi: 10.1186/s12985-016-0641-0.
Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, is associated with illness of varying severity in countries in the tropics and sub tropics. Dengue cases continue to be detected more frequently and its geographic range continues to expand. We report the largest documented laboratory confirmed circulation of dengue virus in parts of Kenya since 1982.
From September 2011 to December 2014, 868 samples from febrile patients were received from hospitals in Nairobi, northern and coastal Kenya. The immunoglobulin M enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (IgM ELISA) was used to test for the presence of IgM antibodies against dengue, yellow fever, West Nile and Zika. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) utilizing flavivirus family, yellow fever, West Nile, consensus and sero type dengue primers were used to detect acute arbovirus infections and determine the infecting serotypes. Representative samples of PCR positive samples for each of the three dengue serotypes detected were sequenced to confirm circulation of the various dengue serotypes.
Forty percent (345/868) of the samples tested positive for dengue by either IgM ELISA (14.6 %) or by RT-PCR (25.1 %). Three dengue serotypes 1-3 (DENV1-3) were detected by serotype specific RT-PCR and sequencing with their numbers varying from year to year and by region. The overall predominant serotype detected from 2011-2014 was DENV1 accounting for 44 % (96/218) of all the serotypes detected, followed by DENV2 accounting for 38.5 % (84/218) and then DENV3 which accounted for 17.4 % (38/218). Yellow fever, West Nile and Zika was not detected in any of the samples tested.
From 2011-2014 serotypes 1, 2 and 3 were detected in the Northern and Coastal parts of Kenya. This confirmed the occurrence of cases and active circulation of dengue in parts of Kenya. These results have documented three circulating serotypes and highlight the need for the establishment of active dengue surveillance to continuously detect cases, circulating serotypes, and determine dengue fever disease burden in the country and region.
登革热是一种由蚊子传播的疾病，在热带和亚热带国家与不同严重程度的疾病相关。登革热病例的检测频率持续增加，其地理范围也在不断扩大。我们报告了自1982年以来肯尼亚部分地区有记录的最大规模实验室确诊的登革热病毒传播情况。
2011年9月至2014年12月，从内罗毕、肯尼亚北部和沿海地区的医院接收了868份发热患者的样本。采用免疫球蛋白M酶联免疫吸附测定法（IgM ELISA）检测针对登革热、黄热病、西尼罗河病毒和寨卡病毒的IgM抗体。利用黄病毒科、黄热病、西尼罗河病毒、通用型和血清型登革热引物的逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）用于检测急性虫媒病毒感染并确定感染的血清型。对检测到的三种登革热血清型的每个PCR阳性样本的代表性样本进行测序，以确认各种登革热血清型的传播情况。
通过IgM ELISA（14.6%）或RT-PCR（25.1%）检测，40%（345/868）的样本登革热检测呈阳性。通过血清型特异性RT-PCR和测序检测到三种登革热血清型1-3（DENV1-3），其数量因年份和地区而异。2011年至2014年检测到的总体优势血清型是DENV1，占所有检测血清型的44%（96/218），其次是DENV2，占38.5%（84/218），然后是DENV3，占17.4%（38/218）。在任何检测样本中均未检测到黄热病、西尼罗河病毒和寨卡病毒。
2011年至2014年在肯尼亚北部和沿海地区检测到血清型1、2和3。这证实了肯尼亚部分地区登革热病例的发生和病毒的活跃传播。这些结果记录了三种传播的血清型，并强调需要建立积极的登革热监测，以持续检测病例、传播的血清型，并确定该国和该地区登革热疾病的负担。
