Ng Fat Linda, Scholes Shaun, Boniface Sadie, Mindell Jennifer, Stewart-Brown Sarah
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8BB, UK.
Qual Life Res. 2017 May;26(5):1129-1144. doi: 10.1007/s11136-016-1454-8. Epub 2016 Nov 16.
The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), 14 positively worded statements, is a validated instrument to measure mental wellbeing on a population level. Less is known about the population distribution of the shorter seven-item version (SWEMWBS) or its performance as an instrument to measure wellbeing.
Using the Health Survey for England 2010-2013 (n = 27,169 adults aged 16+, nationally representative of the population), age- and sex-specific norms were estimated using means and percentiles. Criterion validity was examined using: (1) Spearman correlations (ρ) for SWEMWBS with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), happiness index, EQ-VAS (2) a multinomial logit model with SWEMWBS (low, medium and high wellbeing) as the outcome and demographic, social and health behaviours as explanatory variables. Relative validity was examined by comparing SWEMWBS with WEMWBS using: (1) Spearman correlations (continuous data), and (2) the weighted kappa statistic (categorical), within population subgroups.
Mean (median) SWEMWBS was 23.7 (23.2) for men and 23.2 (23.2) for women (p = 0.100). Spearman correlations were moderately sized for the happiness index (ρ = 0.53, P < 0.001), GHQ-12 (ρ = -0.52, p < 0.001) and EQ-VAS (ρ = 0.40, p < 0.001). Participants consuming <1 portion of fruit and vegetables a day versus ≥5 (odds ratio = 1.43 95% Confidence Interval = (1.22-1.66)) and current smokers versus non-smokers (1.28 (1.15-1.41)) were more likely to have low vs medium wellbeing. Participants who binge drank versus non-drinkers were less likely to have high versus medium wellbeing (0.81 (0.71-0.92)). Spearman correlations between SWEMWBS and WEMWBS were above 0.95; weighted kappa statistics showed almost perfect agreement (0.79-0.85).
SWEMWBS distinguishes mental wellbeing between subgroups, similarly to WEMWBS, but is less sensitive to gender differences.
沃里克 - 爱丁堡心理健康量表（WEMWBS）由14条措辞积极的陈述组成，是一种经过验证的用于在人群层面测量心理健康状况的工具。对于较短的七项版本（SWEMWBS）的人群分布情况及其作为测量幸福感工具的表现，我们了解得较少。
利用2010 - 2013年英格兰健康调查（n = 27169名16岁及以上成年人，具有全国人口代表性），通过均值和百分位数估计特定年龄和性别的常模。使用以下方法检验效标效度：（1）SWEMWBS与一般健康问卷（GHQ - 12）、幸福指数、EQ - VAS的斯皮尔曼相关性（ρ）；（2）以SWEMWBS（低、中、高幸福感）为结果变量，以人口统计学、社会和健康行为为解释变量的多项logit模型。通过在人群亚组中使用以下方法比较SWEMWBS与WEMWBS来检验相对效度：（1）斯皮尔曼相关性（连续数据），以及（2）加权kappa统计量（分类数据）。
男性的SWEMWBS均值（中位数）为23.7（23.2），女性为23.2（23.2）（p = 0.100）。SWEMWBS与幸福指数的斯皮尔曼相关性中等（ρ = 0.53，P < 0.001），与GHQ - 12的相关性为（ρ = -0.52，p < 0.001），与EQ - VAS的相关性为（ρ = 0.40，p < 0.001）。每天食用水果和蔬菜少于1份的参与者与食用≥5份的参与者相比（优势比 = 1.43，95%置信区间 = （1.22 - 1.66）），以及当前吸烟者与非吸烟者相比（1.28（1.15 - 1.41）），更有可能处于低幸福感而非中等幸福感。与不饮酒者相比，暴饮暴食者处于高幸福感而非中等幸福感的可能性较小（0.81（0.71 - 0.92））。SWEMWBS与WEMWBS之间的斯皮尔曼相关性高于0.95；加权kappa统计量显示几乎完全一致（0.79 - 0.85）。
与WEMWBS类似，SWEMWBS能够区分不同亚组之间的心理健康状况，但对性别差异的敏感性较低。
