Marcus A C, Crane L A, Shopland D R, Lynn W R
Division of Cancer Control, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90024.
NCI Monogr. 1989(8):17-23.
Chewing tobacco, snuff, and total smokeless tobacco use from the 1985 Current Population Survey (CPS) are reported. The CPS is the only survey capable of providing national, regional, and individual state tobacco use estimates for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use varies considerably among and within regions of the country, by division and state. Smokeless tobacco use is highest in the South and lowest in the Northeast. Individual states with the highest smokeless tobacco use among males are West Virginia (23.1%), Mississippi (16.5%), Wyoming (15.8%), Arkansas (14.7%), and Kentucky (13.6%). In all regions of the country, use of smokeless tobacco among women is considerably less than men. Nationally, male use of such products was 5.5%; less than 1% of women use them. Snuff consumption is predominantly a behavior characteristic of white males; less than 1% of black or Hispanic males consume this product. Higher percentages of blue-collar and service workers use it compared with white-collar workers. Snuff and chewing tobacco use among teenage boys in the United States increased dramatically between 1970 and 1985, a time when their use of cigarettes was declining. The significance of individual state level estimates is discussed.
报告了1985年当前人口调查（CPS）中嚼烟、鼻烟及无烟烟草的总体使用情况。当前人口调查是唯一一项能够提供美国50个州及哥伦比亚特区全国、地区和各州烟草使用估计数据的调查。无烟烟草的使用 prevalence 在全国各地区之间及内部、按区域和州划分差异很大。无烟烟草的使用在南方最高，在东北部最低。男性中无烟烟草使用比例最高的州分别是西弗吉尼亚州（23.1%）、密西西比州（16.5%）、怀俄明州（15.8%）、阿肯色州（14.7%）和肯塔基州（13.6%）。在全国所有地区，女性无烟烟草的使用量都远低于男性。在全国范围内，男性使用此类产品的比例为5.5%；女性使用比例不到1%。鼻烟消费主要是白人男性的行为特征；黑人或西班牙裔男性中消费该产品的比例不到1%。与白领工人相比，蓝领和服务业工人使用鼻烟和嚼烟的比例更高。1970年至1985年间，美国青少年男性中鼻烟和嚼烟的使用量急剧增加，而在此期间他们的香烟使用量在下降。文中还讨论了各州层面估计数据的意义。 （注：原文中“prevalence”未翻译完整，可能是“流行率”之类的意思，需结合完整语境进一步确定准确含义）
