Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Trends Parasitol. 2017 Apr;33(4):264-275. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.10.008. Epub 2016 Nov 16.
Substantial heterogeneity exists in the dispersal, distribution and transmission of parasitic species. Understanding and predicting how such features are governed by the ecological variation of landscape they inhabit is the central goal of spatial epidemiology. Genetic data can further inform functional connectivity among parasite, host and vector populations in a landscape. Gene flow correlates with the spread of epidemiologically relevant phenotypes among parasite and vector populations (e.g., virulence, drug and pesticide resistance), as well as invasion and re-invasion risk where parasite transmission is absent due to current or past intervention measures. However, the formal integration of spatial and genetic data ('landscape genetics') is scarcely ever applied to parasites. Here, we discuss the specific challenges and practical prospects for the use of landscape genetics and genomics to understand the biology and control of parasitic disease and present a practical framework for doing so.
寄生虫的传播、分布和传播存在很大的异质性。了解和预测寄生虫在其栖息的景观生态变化下是如何受到这些特征的影响，是空间流行病学的核心目标。遗传数据可以进一步提供寄生虫、宿主和媒介种群在景观中的功能连接信息。基因流动与寄生虫和媒介种群中具有流行病学意义的表型（如毒力、药物和农药抗性）的传播以及由于当前或过去的干预措施导致寄生虫传播缺失时的入侵和再入侵风险相关。然而，很少有将空间和遗传数据（“景观遗传学”）正式整合到寄生虫中的情况。在这里，我们讨论了使用景观遗传学和基因组学来理解寄生虫病的生物学和控制的具体挑战和实际前景，并提出了一个实用的框架来实现这一目标。
