Bruce Marino A, Beech Bettina M, Thorpe Roland J, Mincey Krista, Griffith Derek M
Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Myrlie Evers-Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
Appetite. 2017 Feb 1;109:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.017. Epub 2016 Nov 15.
Reducing excess dietary sugar intake among emerging adults involves replacing sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and sugary snacks (SSN) with healthier options. Few studies have assessed the perceived degree of difficulty associated with making lifestyle modifications among a diverse group of emerging adults. The purpose of this study was to assess race and gender disparities in SSB and SSN behavioral modification efficacy among African American and White first year college students. A self-administered, cross-sectional survey was completed by a subsample of freshmen (n = 499) at a medium-sized southern university. Key outcome variables were self-efficacy in reducing consumption of SSBs and SSNs, respectively. Primary independent variables were BMI, concerns about weight, and attempts to lose weight, takeout food consumption frequency, and physical activity. Half of the sample was African American (50.1%) and a majority of participants were female (59.3%). Fewer African Americans than Whites were very sure they could substitute SSBs with water (48.8% vs 64.7%, p < 0.001) or eat fewer SSNs (39.2% vs 48.2%, p < 0.04). A smaller segment of males reported being confident in their ability replace SSBs with water (51.2% vs 60.5%, p < 0.04). African Americans (OR = 0.38, CI: 0.22-0.64) and males (OR = 0.49, CI: 0.27-0.88) had lower odds of being more confident in their ability to change their SSB intake. Race and gender differences were not present in models predicting confidence to reduce SSN consumption. These findings highlight the need to consider race and gender in interventions seeking to increase self-efficacy to make lifestyle modifications.
减少新兴成年人过量的膳食糖摄入量，需要用更健康的选择替代含糖饮料（SSB）和含糖零食（SSN）。很少有研究评估在不同的新兴成年人群体中，做出生活方式改变所感知到的困难程度。本研究的目的是评估非裔美国人和白人一年级大学生在减少SSB和SSN行为改变效果方面的种族和性别差异。一所位于美国南部的中型大学的新生子样本（n = 499）完成了一项自填式横断面调查。关键结果变量分别是减少SSB和SSN消费的自我效能感。主要自变量是体重指数、对体重的担忧、减肥尝试、外卖食品消费频率和体育活动。样本的一半是非裔美国人（50.1%），大多数参与者是女性（59.3%）。非常确定自己能用白水替代SSB的非裔美国人比白人少（48.8%对64.7%，p < 0.001），或者少吃SSN的非裔美国人也比白人少（39.2%对48.2%，p < 0.04）。报告对自己能用白水替代SSB有信心的男性比例较小（51.2%对60.5%，p < 0.04）。非裔美国人（OR = 0.38，CI：0.22 - 0.64）和男性（OR = 0.49，CI：0.27 - 0.88）对改变SSB摄入量更有信心的几率较低。在预测减少SSN消费信心的模型中不存在种族和性别差异。这些发现凸显了在旨在提高做出生活方式改变的自我效能感的干预措施中考虑种族和性别的必要性。
