Burns Joseph C, Stone Jennifer S
Decibel Therapeutics, 215 First St., Suite 430, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and The Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 357923, Seattle, WA 98195-7923, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2017 May;65:96-105. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.11.001. Epub 2016 Nov 15.
Vestibular sensation is essential for gaze stabilization, balance, and perception of gravity. The vestibular receptors in mammals, Type I and Type II hair cells, are located in five small organs in the inner ear. Damage to hair cells and their innervating neurons can cause crippling symptoms such as vertigo, visual field oscillation, and imbalance. In adult rodents, some Type II hair cells are regenerated and become re-innervated after damage, presenting opportunities for restoring vestibular function after hair cell damage. This article reviews features of vestibular sensory cells in mammals, including their basic properties, how they develop, and how they are replaced after damage. We discuss molecules that control vestibular hair cell regeneration and highlight areas in which our understanding of development and regeneration needs to be deepened.
前庭感觉对于凝视稳定、平衡和重力感知至关重要。哺乳动物的前庭感受器，即I型和II型毛细胞，位于内耳的五个小器官中。毛细胞及其支配神经元的损伤会导致诸如眩晕、视野振荡和失衡等严重症状。在成年啮齿动物中，一些II型毛细胞在受损后会再生并重新获得神经支配，为毛细胞损伤后恢复前庭功能提供了机会。本文综述了哺乳动物前庭感觉细胞的特征，包括它们的基本特性、发育方式以及损伤后如何被替代。我们讨论了控制前庭毛细胞再生的分子，并强调了我们对发育和再生的理解需要深化的领域。
