Major in Food Science & Biotechnology, School of Food Biotechnology & Nutrition, Kyungsung University, 309, Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 608-736, Republic of Korea; Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
J Biotechnol. 2017 Sep 10;257:211-221. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.016. Epub 2016 Nov 18.
Aromatic chemicals that contain an unsaturated ring with alternating double and single bonds find numerous applications in a wide range of industries, e.g. paper and dye manufacture, as fuel additives, electrical insulation, resins, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, in food, feed and cosmetics. Their chemical production is based on petroleum (BTX; benzene, toluene, and xylene), but they can also be obtained from plants by extraction. Due to petroleum depletion, health compliance, or environmental issues such as global warming, the biotechnological production of aromatics from renewable biomass came more and more into focus. Lignin, a complex polymeric aromatic molecule itself, is a natural source of aromatic compounds. Many microorganisms are able to catabolize a plethora of aromatic compounds and interception of these pathways may lead to the biotechnological production of value-added aromatic compounds which will be discussed for Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids not only gives rise to l-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and l-phenylalanine, but also to aromatic intermediates such as dehydroshikimate or chorismate from which value-added aromatic compounds can be derived. In this review, we will summarize recent strategies for the biotechnological production of aromatic and related compounds from renewable biomass by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, C. glutamicum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In particular, we will focus on metabolic engineering of the extended shikimate pathway.
含有不饱和环的芳香化学品，其交替的双键和单键在许多行业中都有广泛的应用，例如纸张和染料制造、燃料添加剂、电绝缘、树脂、制药、农用化学品、食品、饲料和化妆品。它们的化学生产基于石油（BTX；苯、甲苯和二甲苯），但也可以通过提取从植物中获得。由于石油枯竭、健康合规或全球变暖等环境问题，从可再生生物质中生物技术生产芳烃的研究越来越受到关注。木质素本身就是一种复杂的聚合芳香分子，是芳香族化合物的天然来源。许多微生物能够分解多种芳香族化合物，而这些途径的拦截可能导致生物技术生产有价值的芳香族化合物，我们将以谷氨酸棒杆菌为例进行讨论。芳香族氨基酸的生物合成不仅产生 L-色氨酸、L-酪氨酸和 L-苯丙氨酸，还产生芳香族中间体，如脱氢莽草酸或分支酸，可从中衍生出有价值的芳香族化合物。在这篇综述中，我们将总结大肠杆菌、恶臭假单胞菌、谷氨酸棒杆菌和酿酒酵母从可再生生物质中生物技术生产芳香族和相关化合物的最新策略。特别是，我们将重点介绍扩展莽草酸途径的代谢工程。
