Lee Jin Wuk, Lee Jae-Woo, Shin Yu-Jin, Kim Ji-Eun, Ryu Tae-Kwon, Ryu Jisung, Lee Jaean, Kim Pilje, Choi Kyunghee, Park Kyunghwa
Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
Accident Prevention and Assessment Division, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere. 2017 Feb;169:212-223. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.035. Epub 2016 Nov 20.
To elucidate the multi-generational estrogenic potential of Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) mixture, vitellogenin (VTG) expression, growth indices, histological alteration, fecundity, hatching rate, larval survival rate, and sex ratio of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were investigated by exposing the fish to a mixture of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluroroctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) for three generations (238 days). Mixture composition is in the ratio of 1:1:1:1. In addition, whole body burden for each PFAA was analyzed. According to the results, concentrated levels of the PFAAs in both F1 and F2 generation O. latipes were ordered PFOS > PFNA > PFOA > PFBS at both low concentration (0.5 μg/L) and high concentration (5 μg/L), whereas a significant difference in whole body burden based on sex or generation was not detected. Significant induction of VTG expression in F2 and the decline of the gonad somatic index (GSI) in F1 were observed following PFAAs mixture exposure (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). Furthermore, suppression level of reproduction rate relative to the control increased as generation was transferred to the next in response to PFAAs mixture or 17 β-estradiol exposure, with the inhibition of hatchability observed in the F1 generation. The PFAA high concentration caused significant alteration of F1 generation sex ratio, suggesting the adverse effect of PFAA in population level (Chi-square test, P > 0.05). Overall, this study demonstrated that PFAA mixture could have the potential of multi-generational endocrine disruptors in O. latipes.
为阐明全氟烷基酸（PFAA）混合物的多代雌激素潜力，通过将日本青鳉（Oryzias latipes）暴露于全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）和全氟壬酸（PFNA）的混合物中三代（238天），研究了卵黄蛋白原（VTG）表达、生长指标、组织学变化、繁殖力、孵化率、幼体存活率和性别比例。混合物组成比例为1:1:1:1。此外，还分析了每种PFAA的全身负荷。结果显示，在低浓度（0.5μg/L）和高浓度（5μg/L）下，F1和F2代日本青鳉体内PFAA的浓缩水平均为PFOS＞PFNA＞PFOA＞PFBS，而未检测到基于性别或代际的全身负荷存在显著差异。暴露于PFAA混合物后，观察到F2代VTG表达显著诱导，F1代性腺体指数（GSI）下降（p＜0.05，单因素方差分析）。此外，相对于对照组，繁殖率的抑制水平随着代际转移而增加，这是由于暴露于PFAA混合物或17β - 雌二醇所致，F1代观察到孵化率受到抑制。PFAA高浓度导致F1代性别比例发生显著变化，表明PFAA在种群水平上具有不利影响（卡方检验，P＞0.05）。总体而言，本研究表明PFAA混合物可能对日本青鳉具有多代内分泌干扰物的潜力。
