Bolstad Anne Isine, Skarstein Kathrine
Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009 Bergen, Norway.
Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
Curr Oral Health Rep. 2016;3(4):328-336. doi: 10.1007/s40496-016-0112-0. Epub 2016 Sep 2.
Oral symptoms are among the most distressing manifestations for patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The feeling of dry mouth is unpleasant, and hyposalivation may contribute to difficulty in speaking, chewing and swallowing and reduced quality of life. Reduced salivary flow increases the risk for dental caries and problems with prosthetic replacement. It seems that SS is not as frequently occurring as previously anticipated. Population-based prevalence studies on primary SS in Europe, conducted on large background populations and in accordance with the AECG criteria, reported of a prevalence of 1-9 cases per 10,000 people. This gives a combined prevalence of nearly 39/100,000 (~0.04 %). The cause of Sjögren's syndrome is even now not fully understood, and the treatment of oral symptoms is still mostly palliative. Hopefully, useful information will appear from the new methods that are now available for genome wide association studies, epigenetics, DNA methylation studies, and proteomics. Similarly, this is anticipated for the immunological side of the story. The interferon signature, the interferon γ/interferon α mRNA ratio, and CXCL13 are among the proposed biomarkers of active disease. In this review, we provide an update on oral aspects of Sjögren's syndrome with emphasis on the latest publications on these topics.
口腔症状是干燥综合征（SS）患者最痛苦的表现之一。口干的感觉令人不适，唾液分泌减少可能导致说话、咀嚼和吞咽困难，并降低生活质量。唾液分泌减少会增加龋齿和假牙修复问题的风险。似乎SS的发病率并不像之前预期的那么高。在欧洲，基于大规模背景人群并按照美国-欧洲共识小组（AECG）标准进行的原发性SS患病率研究报告称，每10000人中的患病率为1 - 9例。这使得综合患病率接近39/100000（约0.04%）。干燥综合征的病因至今仍未完全明确，口腔症状的治疗大多仍为姑息治疗。有望从目前可用于全基因组关联研究、表观遗传学、DNA甲基化研究和蛋白质组学的新方法中获得有用信息。同样，对于该疾病的免疫学方面也有此期待。干扰素特征、干扰素γ/干扰素α mRNA比值以及CXCL13是所提出的活动性疾病生物标志物。在本综述中，我们提供了干燥综合征口腔方面的最新情况，重点关注这些主题的最新出版物。
