Mihalache Raluca, Verbeek Jos, Graczyk Halshka, Murashov Vladimir, van Broekhuizen Pieter
a Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Cochrane Work Group , Kuopio , Finland.
b Institute for Work and Health , Lausanne , Switzerland.
Nanotoxicology. 2017 Feb;11(1):7-19. doi: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1262920. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
The toxicological properties of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) can be different from their bulk-material and uncertainty remains about the adverse health effects they may have on humans. Proposals for OELs have been put forward which can be useful for risk management and workers' protection. We performed a systematic review of proposals for OELs for MNMs to better understand the extent of such proposals, as well as their derivation methods.
We searched PubMed and Embase with an extensive search string and also assessed the references in the included studies. Two authors extracted the data independently.
We identified 20 studies that proposed in total 56 OEL values. Of these, two proposed a generic level for all MNMs, 14 proposed a generic OEL for a category of MNMs and 40 proposed an OEL for a specific nanomaterial. For specific fibers, four studies proposed a similar value but for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) the values differed with a factor ranging from 30 to 50 and for metals with a factor from 100 to 300. The studies did not provide explanations for this variation. We found that exposure to MNMs measured at selected workplaces may exceed even the highest proposed OEL. This indicates that the application and use of OELs may be useful for exposure reduction.
OELs can provide a valuable reference point for exposure reduction measures in workplaces. There is a need for more and better supported OELs based on a more systematic approach to OEL derivation.
人造纳米材料（MNMs）的毒理学特性可能与其块状材料不同，并且它们对人类可能产生的不良健康影响仍存在不确定性。已经提出了职业接触限值（OELs）的建议，这对于风险管理和工人保护可能是有用的。我们对MNMs的OELs建议进行了系统综述，以更好地了解此类建议的范围及其推导方法。
我们使用广泛的检索词在PubMed和Embase中进行检索，并评估纳入研究中的参考文献。两位作者独立提取数据。
我们确定了20项研究，总共提出了56个OEL值。其中，两项为所有MNMs提出了一个通用水平，14项为一类MNMs提出了通用的OEL，40项为特定的纳米材料提出了OEL。对于特定纤维，四项研究提出了相似的值，但对于碳纳米管（CNTs），这些值相差30至50倍，对于金属相差100至300倍。这些研究没有对此差异作出解释。我们发现，在选定工作场所测量的MNMs暴露量甚至可能超过最高的建议OEL。这表明OELs的应用和使用可能有助于减少暴露。
OELs可为工作场所的暴露减少措施提供有价值的参考点。需要基于更系统的OEL推导方法制定更多且有更好支持的OELs。
