Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 22 (4° andar), 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2016 Oct-Dec;770(Pt A):170-182. doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
Epidemiological studies for hazardous situations resulting from the risk of environmental and/or occupational exposure to miscellaneous chemicals present several difficulties. Biomonitoring of human populations can provide an early detection system for the initiation of cell dysregulation in the development of cancer, which would help develop an efficient prevention program. Recently, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in lymphocyte cells has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage in exposed populations. This is the method of choice for population-based studies of occupational and/or environmental exposure to different agents. In this review, human populations exposed to coal, dyes, paints, organic solvents in a complex mixture, and others miscellaneous chemicals were analyzed. Data from 28 studies was evaluated in relation to the effect of complex mixture exposition on micronucleus (MN) frequency. Other biomarkers and the background factors were evaluated as well, such as gender, age, or smoking habit. Most of these studies (75%) showed a significant increase of micronucleated cells to exposed groups in relation to the control groups, besides chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanging (SCE) and comet cells (comet assay). The studies from this review about miscellaneous chemicals exposures using CBMN assay have indicated some time and dose-dependent effects. Overall, the findings suggest that the responses resulting from exposure to complex mixtures are varied and complicated. However, they are also an important mechanism of DNA damage concerning disruption of metal ion homeostasis that may lead to oxidative stress, a state where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms body antioxidant protection and subsequently could induce cancer.
由于环境和/或职业接触各种化学物质而导致危险情况的流行病学研究存在一些困难。对人群进行生物监测可以为细胞调节失常的早期检测系统提供依据，从而有助于制定有效的预防计划。最近，细胞有丝分裂阻断微核（CBMN）试验在淋巴细胞中已成为评估暴露人群 DNA 损伤的重要工具。这是针对不同暴露源的职业和/或环境暴露进行人群研究的首选方法。在这篇综述中，分析了接触煤炭、染料、油漆、有机溶剂混合物及其他各种化学物质的人群。评估了 28 项研究的数据，以了解复杂混合物暴露对微核（MN）频率的影响。还评估了其他生物标志物和背景因素，如性别、年龄或吸烟习惯。这些研究中有 75%（21 项）表明，与对照组相比，暴露组的有丝分裂细胞微核率显著增加，此外还有染色体畸变（CA）、姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）和彗星细胞（彗星试验）。本综述中关于使用 CBMN 试验检测多种化学物质暴露的研究表明，存在时间和剂量依赖性效应。总的来说，这些发现表明，暴露于复杂混合物后产生的反应是多种多样且复杂的。然而，这些反应也是 DNA 损伤的重要机制，涉及到金属离子内稳态的破坏，可能导致氧化应激，在这种状态下，活性氧（ROS）的形成增加超过了身体的抗氧化保护，随后可能引发癌症。
