Farholm Anders, Sørensen Marit, Halvari Hallgeir
Department of Coaching and Psychology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
School of Business and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Hønefoss, Norway.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2017 Dec;31(4):914-921. doi: 10.1111/scs.12413. Epub 2016 Dec 2.
There has been increasing interest for investigating the role of motivation in physical activity among people with severe mental illness (SMI). Autonomous motivation has been suggested to have a potentially important role in adoption and maintenance of physical activity. However, the knowledge about factors that facilitate autonomous motivation among people with SMI is scarce.
The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with motivation for physical activity as well as the relationships between motivation, physical activity and health-related quality of life in individuals with SMI that were currently physically active.
A cross-sectional design was used, and 88 participants were recruited from a public health network promoting physical activity for people with SMI. They answered a questionnaire package consisting of scales measuring psychological need support - psychological need satisfaction - and motivation for physical activity, physical activity and health-related quality of life.
The majority of participants reported to be in regular physical activity. Associations between variables were tested according to the self-determination theory process model. Structural equation modelling yielded good fit of the process model to the data. Specifically, a need-supportive environment was positively associated with psychological need satisfaction, while psychological need satisfaction was positively associated with autonomous motivation and mental health-related quality of life, and negatively associated with controlled motivation and amotivation. Physical activity was positively associated with autonomous motivation and physical health-related quality of life, and negatively associated with amotivation.
This study indicates that individuals with SMI can be regularly physically active when provided with suitable opportunities. Furthermore, the present results suggest that it is vital for health-care practitioners to emphasise creating a need-supportive environment when organising physical activity because such an environment is associated with both increased autonomous motivation for physical activity and mental health-related quality of life.
对于探究动机在重度精神疾病（SMI）患者体育活动中的作用，人们的兴趣与日俱增。自主动机被认为在体育活动的养成和维持中可能发挥重要作用。然而，关于促进SMI患者自主动机的因素的知识却很匮乏。
本研究旨在探讨与体育活动动机相关的因素，以及当前有体育活动的SMI个体的动机、体育活动和健康相关生活质量之间的关系。
采用横断面设计，从一个为SMI患者推广体育活动的公共卫生网络中招募了88名参与者。他们回答了一套问卷，其中包括测量心理需求支持、心理需求满足、体育活动动机、体育活动和健康相关生活质量的量表。
大多数参与者报告有规律的体育活动。根据自我决定理论过程模型对变量之间的关联进行了测试。结构方程模型显示该过程模型与数据拟合良好。具体而言，一个需求支持性的环境与心理需求满足呈正相关，而心理需求满足与自主动机和心理健康相关生活质量呈正相关，与受控动机和无动机呈负相关。体育活动与自主动机和身体健康相关生活质量呈正相关，与无动机呈负相关。
本研究表明，为SMI患者提供合适的机会时，他们可以有规律地进行体育活动。此外，目前的结果表明，医护人员在组织体育活动时强调营造一个需求支持性的环境至关重要，因为这样的环境既与体育活动自主动机的增加有关，也与心理健康相关生活质量有关。
