Curran Tess, Wexler Lisa
Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003.
J Sch Health. 2017 Jan;87(1):71-80. doi: 10.1111/josh.12467.
The values, perspectives, and behavior patterns that begin in adolescence can continue throughout one's life. Because of these lifetime effects, much research has focused on adolescent risk and prevention, but a new body of knowledge investigates protective factors and strengths. Positive youth development (PYD) increases internal and external assets during adolescence and is often based within communities. This review, however, focuses on school-based PYD interventions because these institutions are the largest youth-serving institutions in the country.
This review considered 711 PYD school-based programs found using 4 databases. We included articles published after 2000, and did not review those reporting on regular school curriculum or activities.
The 24 remaining articles describe PYD programs that fall under 3 general categories: curriculum-based, leadership development, and student-based mentorship programs.
Evaluations indicate that programs increase intrapsychic measures of well-being in youth as well as social confidence and healthy behaviors. However, it is important to not only include "at-risk" persons in programming, because a mixed group of young people encourages a more positive peer-to-peer climate. In addition, peer mentorship activities should be actively facilitated by an adult supervisor to ensure positive communication and trust between the mentor and mentee.
始于青春期的价值观、观点和行为模式可能会持续一生。由于这些对一生的影响，许多研究都聚焦于青少年风险与预防，但也有一批新的知识体系在研究保护因素和优势。积极的青少年发展（PYD）在青春期会增加内在和外在资产，且通常以社区为基础。然而，本综述聚焦于基于学校的PYD干预措施，因为这些机构是该国最大的青少年服务机构。
本综述考量了通过4个数据库找到的711个基于学校的PYD项目。我们纳入了2000年后发表的文章，并未对那些关于常规学校课程或活动的报告进行综述。
其余24篇文章描述了属于3大类的PYD项目：基于课程的项目、领导力发展项目和基于学生的导师项目。
评估表明，这些项目能提升青少年内心幸福感的指标，以及社交自信和健康行为。然而，重要的是不仅要将“有风险”的人纳入项目，因为不同类型的年轻人混合在一起会营造更积极的同伴氛围。此外，同伴导师活动应由成年监督者积极推动，以确保导师和 mentees 之间的积极沟通和信任。 （注：mentees 原文未翻译，推测是受指导者之意，此处保留英文以便对照原文语境）
