University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Halal Research University of Malaya (IHRUM), Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Biotechnol Adv. 2017 Mar-Apr;35(2):105-134. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.11.006. Epub 2016 Dec 5.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been touted recently as potential alternatives to ionic liquids (ILs). Although they possess core characteristics that are similar to those of ILs (e.g., low volatility, non-flammability, low melting points, low vapor pressure, dipolar nature, chemical and thermal stability, high solubility, and tuneability), DESs are superior in terms of the availability of raw materials, the ease of storage and synthesis, and the low cost of their starting materials. As such, they have become the subject of intensive research in various sectors, notably the chemical, electrochemical, and biological sectors. To date, the applications of DESs have shown great promise, especially in the medical and biotechnological fields. In spite of these various achievements, the safety concern for these mixtures must be sufficiently addressed. Indeed, in order to exploit the vast array of opportunities that DESs offer to the biological industry, first, they must be established as safe mixtures. Hence, the biotechnological applications of DESs only can be implemented if they are proven to have negligible or low toxicity profiles. This review is the first of its kind, and it discusses two current aspects of DES-based research. First, it describes the properties of these mixtures with ample focus on their toxicity profiles. Second, it provides an overview of the breakthroughs that have occurred and the foreseeable prospects of the use of DESs in various biotechnological and biological applications.
深共晶溶剂 (DESs) 最近被誉为离子液体 (ILs) 的潜在替代品。尽管它们具有与 ILs 相似的核心特性（例如低挥发性、非可燃性、低熔点、低蒸气压、偶极性质、化学和热稳定性、高溶解度和可调节性），但 DESs 在原材料的可用性、存储和合成的容易程度以及起始材料的低成本方面具有优势。因此，它们已成为各个领域（尤其是化学、电化学和生物学领域）的密集研究对象。迄今为止，DESs 的应用显示出巨大的潜力，特别是在医学和生物技术领域。尽管取得了这些各种成就，但必须充分解决这些混合物的安全问题。事实上，为了利用 DESs 为生物工业带来的众多机会，首先必须将其确立为安全的混合物。因此，如果证明 DESs 的毒性特征可忽略不计或低，则可以实施其在生物技术中的应用。这是此类综述中的首例，它讨论了基于 DES 的研究的两个当前方面。首先，它描述了这些混合物的特性，并着重于其毒性特征。其次，它概述了在各种生物技术和生物应用中使用 DESs 所取得的突破和可预见的前景。
